英和和英

語源 1

Verb from 中期英語 achetan, variant of escheten, from Old French escheat, past participle of escheoir, escheoiter, from Late Latin *excadēre (“fall away, fall out”), from (Latin) ex- +‎ cadere (“fall”). Displaced native 古期英語 beswīcan.

Noun from verb and/or 中期英語 chete, aphetic form of achete, escheat, eschete (“the reversion of property to the state”), from Anglo-Norman eschete and Old French eschet, escheit, escheoit (“that which falls to one”), past participle of escheoir (“to fall”) (modern French échoir), from Late Latin *excadēre (“fall away, fall out”), from (Latin) ex- +‎ cadere (“fall”).

Doublet of escheat.

動詞

cheat (third-person singular simple present cheats, present participle cheating, simple past and past participle cheated)

1. (intransitive) To violate rules in order to gain, or attempt to gain, advantage from a situation.

   My brother flunked biology because he cheated on his mid-term.

2. (intransitive) To be unfaithful to one's spouse or partner; to commit adultery, or to engage in sexual or romantic conduct with a person other than one's partner in contravention of the rules of society or agreement in the relationship.

   Synonym: step out on

   My husband cheated on me with his secretary.

   After he found out his wife cheated, he left her.

   • 2003, Martin Kantor, Distancing: Avoidant Personality Disorder, page 137:

     While the nonavoidant passive-aggressive cheats for the sexual gratification and tries to disguise his or her cheating afterwards, in contrast, the passive-aggressive avoidant cheats less for the sex than to send a message […]

3. (transitive) To avoid a seemingly inevitable thing.

   He cheated death when his car collided with a moving train.

   I feel as if I've cheated fate.

4. (transitive) To deceive; to fool; to trick.

   Synonyms: rook, blench, lirt

   My ex-wife cheated me out of $40,000.

   He cheated his way into office.

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of this island.

   • 1819 July 31, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Rural Life in England”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., number II, New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, page 130:

     [T]he holly providentially planted about the house, to cheat winter of its dreariness, and throw in a gleam of green summer to cheer the fireside:—all these bespeak the influence of taste, flowing down from high sources, and pervading the lowest levels of the public mind.

   • 2018, Peter Smith, quoting Johnny Rotten, Sex Pistols: The Pride of Punk, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page xxvi:

     The gig ended with Rotten uttering the now famous line, “Ever get the feeling you've been cheated?” On January 17, the Sex Pistols split up.

5. (informal, intransitive) To disregard self-imposed restrictions or commitments in favour of resting or indulging oneself.

名詞

cheat (countable and uncountable, plural cheats)

1. (countable) An act of deception or fraud; that which is the means of fraud or deception.

   Synonyms: fraud, trick, imposition, imposture

   • 1675, John Dryden, Aureng-zebe: A Tragedy. […], London: […] T[homas] N[ewcomb] for Henry Herringman, […], published 1676, →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

     When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat.

2. (countable) Someone who cheats.

   Synonyms: (informal) cheater, bandit

   • 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 33:

     And he smote Corinius on his shaven jowl with the dice box, calling him cheat and mangy rascal, whereupon Corinius drew forth a bodkin to smite him in the neck withal; but some went betwixt them, and with much ado and much struggling and cursing they were parted, and it being shown that the dice were not loaded, the son of Corund was fain to make amends to Corinius, and so were they set at one again.

   • 1990 February 4, Margy Dowzer, Mary Frances Platt, Aviva Shmuckler, “Disability And Accessibility Cost Money!”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 29, page 13:

     The caseworker couldn't understand how I could have stretched out my last bit of money for so long. She seemed convinced that I was "hiding" income from her and interrogated me for I don't know how long […] The system seems based on the assumption that people are "welfare cheats. If you don't speak English or are marginal in some other way, it's worse. I wish they'd put the Defense Department through what we go through.

3. (uncountable) The weed cheatgrass.
4. (card games, uncountable) A card game where the goal is to have no cards remaining in a hand, often by telling lies.

   Synonyms: bullshit, BS, I doubt it

5. (video games, countable) A hidden means of gaining an unfair advantage in a video game, often by entering a cheat code.
   • 1992 January, Phil Howard, “Cheat Mode”, in Amstrad Action, number 76, page 32:

     I've had a number of requests for a cheat for Turrican the first. Yes, there is a keypress built in […]

   • 1998, GamePro Issue 109 August 1998, page 141:

     Unpause the game, then repause the game and enter any of the following cheats: […]

派生語

派生した語

• → Dutch: cheat
• → French: cheat
• → German: Cheat

語源 2

Inherited from 中期英語 chet (“low-quality bread”), of unknown origin; compare manchet.

名詞

cheat (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) A sort of low-quality bread.
   • 1587, Raphaell Holinshed, Iohn Hooker, “Of the food and diet of the Engliſh”, in The firſt and ſecond volumes of Chronicles […] , volume I, London: Henry Denham, page 169:

     The raueled cheat therfore is generallie ſo made that out of one buſhell of meale, after two and twentie pounds of bran be ſifted and taken from it (wherevnto they ad the gurgeons that riſe from the manchet) they make thirtie cast, euerie lofe weighing eightéene ounces into the ouen and ſixteene ounces out […]

   • c. 1624, Homer, translated by George Chapman, The crowne of all Homers workes Batrachomyomachia […] ‎, Iohn Bill, page 3:

     Takes part with them, at ſhore: their pureſt cheat, / Thrice boulted, kneaded, and ſubdu'd in paſt […]

   • 1746, Thomas Moffett, Christopher Bennet, Health's Improvement […] ‎, London: T. Oſborne, page 339:

     Where by the way note, that loaves made of pure Wheaten Meal require both more Leaven and more labouring, and more baking than either coarſe Cheat or than Bread Mingled of Meal and Grudgins.

Further reading

• cheat (game) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

アナグラム

• 'tache, Tache, Taché, Teach, Tâche, chate, he-cat, tache, teach, theca