英和和英

発音

• enPR: tăks, IPA: /tæks/
• Homophone: tacks
• 韻: -æks

語源 1

From 中期英語 taxe, from Middle French taxe, from Medieval Latin taxa, from Latin taxō (“to appraise, value, estimate; (medieval) to tax”). Doublet of task. Displaced native 古期英語 gafol, which was also the word for “tribute” and “rent”.

名詞

tax (countable and uncountable, plural taxes)

1. Money or goods collected by a government (or an entity to whom the government has delegated this power, e.g. in tax farming) to fund itself and its services, for example by levying a charge on income, purchases (sales), property or harvest, other than that money which is collected by the government in exchange for specific goods (e.g. the purchase of surplus vehicles).

   Synonyms: impost, tribute, contribution, duty, toll, rate, assessment, exaction, custom, demand, levy

   Antonym: subsidy

   • 2008, Kunzang Choden, Chilli and Cheese: Food and Society in Bhutan, page 147:

     [They paid a] "mushroom tax" in addition to their regular tax of butter and meat. They had to give 1 dre of dried mushrooms annually to the district administrative centres.

   • 2010 December 6, Madison Smartt Bell, Lavoisier in the Year One: The Birth of a New Science in an Age of Revolution (Great Discoveries), W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 5:

     The [General Farm] organization collected a tax on salt (gabelle) and another on alcohol and tobacco (aide), along with customs duties (traites) and duties on goods entering Paris from elsewhere in France (entrées). Evasion of all of these taxes through smugglign and other fraud was epidemic […]

   • 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 188, number 23, page 19:

     In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […]  Essential public services are cut so that the rich may pay less tax. The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra-wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

2. A charge (of money, food, labor, etc) collected by a person, organization, etc; something required (exacted) from someone who is (really or notionally) under the control of the taxer, such as a contribution or service.
   • 1616–1618, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, Nathan Field, “The Queene of Corinth”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Flie far from hence
     All private taxes, immodest phrases,
     What e'r may but shew like vicious.

   • 2023 November 20, Kates Kennery, Pet Cook Book First Edition - Dog and Cat fresh food options plus meals, Kates Kennery:

     Scrambled egg with cheese [...] careful with the cheese here because it is the main reason for Roxie's runs... [but] We pay a lot of cheese tax in the house [i.e., when we eat cheese, the dog demands to also be given some].

3. (figurative, uncountable) A burdensome demand

   a heavy tax on time or health

   • 1843, Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons - Volume 39, page 234:

     In the expectation that such would be the case, I came but slightly attended, sending most of my people with the heavy baggage by sea to the Indus, and I took every precaution to render the tax of my support as light as possible, by furnishing a memorandum of the number of persons composing my suite, and limiting the amount of supplies each should receive.

   • 1962 August, G. Freeman Allen, “Traffic control on the Great Northern Line”, in Modern Railways, page 128:

     The extent of the traffic is a tax on the existing yard in the area at Frodingham, the busiest in the District.

下位語

等位語

派生語

派生した語

• → Tok Pisin: takis
  • → Rotokas: takisi
• → Urdu: ٹَیکْس (ṭaiks)

語源 2

From 中期英語 taxen, from Anglo-Norman taxer (“to impose a tax”), from Latin taxāre (“to handle, to censure, to appraise, to compute”).

動詞

tax (third-person singular simple present taxes, present participle taxing, simple past and past participle taxed)

1. (transitive) To impose and collect a tax from (a person or company).

   Some think to tax the wealthy is the fairest.

   • 2018, Kristin Lawless, Formerly known as food, →ISBN, page 251:

     Taxing the food and chemical industries, which make billions off our food consumption, could be another way to generate revenue for the program.

2. (transitive) To impose and collect a tax on (something).

   Some think to tax wealth is destructive of a private sector.

3. (transitive) To make excessive demands on.

   Do not tax my patience.

   • 1847 March 30, Herman Melville, Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas; […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

     The people of the southeasterly clusters—concerning whom, however, but little is known—have a bad name as cannibals; and for that reason their hospitality is seldom taxed by the mariner.

   • 1960 February, R. C. Riley, “The London-Birmingham services - Past, Present and Future”, in Trains Illustrated, page 103:

     The heavy freight traffic which shares the double line between Paddington and Wolverhampton with the passenger traffic has taxed the ingenuity of the timetable planners.

   • 2007 January 16, “IBM - Reinventing the invention system - United States”, in IDEAS from IBM‎:

     But patent applications are increasingly accompanied by volumes and volumes of data on DVD, which taxes the resources of the patent office.

4. (transitive) To accuse.
5. (transitive) To examine accounts in order to allow or disallow items.

派生語

• taxable
• taxation

アナグラム

• ATX, Axt, xat

名詞

tax

1. alternative form of taxe

語源 2

動詞

tax

1. alternative form of taxen

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈtaks]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈtaks]

間投詞

tax

1. an onomatopoeia expressing the sound of blows, whack, crack
   • c. 197 BCE, Plautus, Persa 2.3.14:

     Tux tax tergum meo erit. Non curo.

     My back will get whack, whack. I don't care.

参照

• “tax”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tax”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “tax”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

語源

From Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis).

接頭辞

tax-

1. Alternative form of taxo- (“order, arrangement”).

派生語

アナグラム

• ATX, Axt, xat