adjureとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Late 中期英語 adjuren (“to bind (oneself or someone) by oath to do something; to entreat or implore (someone); to question (someone) under oath”), from Anglo-Norman adjurer, Middle French adjurer, and Old French ajurer (“to bind (oneself or someone) under oath; to entreat or implore (someone)”) (modern French adjurer), and from their etymon Latin adiūrāre, the present active infinitive of adiūrō (“to take an oath”) (whence Late Latin adiūrō (“to entreat or implore (someone); to conjure; to exorcize”)), from ad- (prefix meaning ‘to, towards’, or having an intensifying effect) + iūrō (“to confirm formally; to take an oath”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- (“(adjective) straight; upright; (noun) justice, right; law”)).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əˈd͡ʒʊə/, /-d͡ʒɔː/
• (General American) IPA: /əˈd͡ʒʊ(ə)ɹ/, /æ-/
• 韻: -ʊə(ɹ)
• ハイフネーション: ad‧jure

動詞

adjure (third-person singular simple present adjures, present participle adjuring, simple past and past participle adjured)

1. (transitive)
   1. To formally command or request (someone) to do something, either in the name of a deity, or to suffer a curse or punishment if they do not comply; to bind (someone) under oath; to charge.
      • 1595, William Perkins, “Christs Arraignement”, in An Exposition of the Symbole or Creed of the Apostles, According to the Tenour of the Scriptures, and the Content of Orthodoxe Fathers of the Church, [Cambridge, Cambridgeshire]: […] Iohn Legatt printer to the Vniuersitie of Cambridge [a]nd are to be solde [by Richard Bankworth] […], →OCLC, page 207:

        […] Caiaphas the high Prieſt adjureth him [Jesus] in the name of God, vvho is very God, euen the Sonne of God, vvhich ſhevves vvhat a ſmall account he makes of the name of God: for he did it onely to get aduantage on Chriſts vvords: and ſo doe many novve a-daies, vvho for a little profit or gaine make a matter of nothing to abuſe the name of God a thouſand vvaies.

        Caiaphas adjured Jesus to say if he was the Messiah: see Matthew 26:63.

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 6:26, signature [U5], verso:

        And Joſhua adiured them at that time, ſaying, Curſed be the man before the Lord, that riſeth vp and buildeth this city Jericho: he ſhall lay the foundation therof in his firſt borne, and in his yongeſt ſonne ſhall hee ſet vp the gates of it.

      • 1643, J[ohn] M[ilton], The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce: […], London: […] T[homas] P[aine] and M[atthew] S[immons] […], →OCLC, page 39:

        [T]he vvoman ſet before the Sanctuary vvith her head uncover'd, vvas adjur'd by the Prieſt to ſvvear vvhether ſhe vvas fals or no; and conſtrain'd to drink that bitter vvater vvith an undoubted curſe of rottenneſſe, and tympany to follovv, unleſſe ſhe vvere innocent.

      • 1751, Thomas Sharp, “אלה אלוה אלהים [These are Your Gods, O God]”, in Two Dissertations Concerning the Etymology and Scripture-meaning of the Hebrew Words Elohim and Berith. […], London: […] [William Bowyer] for J[ohn] and P[aul] Knapton […], →OCLC, pages 16–17:

        [I[t is tranſlated in our Bible, Thou curſeſt, […] or laſtly, as the LXX. verſion, according to the Alex. copy [Codex Alexandrinus of the Septuagint] has it, έξώρκισας, thou adjuredſt, or conjuredſt, and ſpakeſt of it in mine ears, &c. […] And this ſenſe is greatly favoured by the context, and appears moſt natural. Even one of Mr. H.’s friends renders it by Thou execratedſt, or adjuredſt me.

   2. To earnestly advise or urge (someone); to exhort.

      Party members are adjured to promote awareness of this problem.

      • 1718, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book XV”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume IV, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, page 197, lines 792–795:

        […] Neſtor moſt / (The ſage Preſerver of the Grecian Hoſt) / Exhorts, adjures, to guard theſe utmoſt Shores; / And by their Parents, by themſelves, implores.

      • 1885, Thomas Hodgkin, “Belisarius”, in Italy and Her Invaders 476–535, volume III, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, book IV (The Ostrogothic Invasion), page 685:

        Gelimer, […] harangued his troops, adjuring them to choose death rather than defeat, which involved slavery and the loss of all that made life delightful both for themselves and for these dear ones.

   3. To earnestly appeal to (someone, or a deity); to entreat, to implore.

      Synonyms: beg, beseech, plead

      • 1610, The Second Tome of the Holie Bible, […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Doway: Laurence Kellam, […], →OCLC, Canticle of Canticles 2:7, page 336:

        I adiure you ô daughters of Ieruſalem, by the roes, and the hartes of the fildes, that you rayſe not, nor make the beloued to avvake, vntil herſelfe vvil.

        Translated thus in the New International Version of the Bible: “Daughters of Jerusalem, I charge you / by the gazelles and by the does of the field: / Do not arouse or awaken love / until it so desires.”

      • 1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, “Containing a Full Account of the Installation of Mr. Pecksniff's New Pupil into the Bosom of Mr. Pecksniff's Family. With All the Festivities Held on that Occasion, and the Great Enjoyment of Mr. Pinch.”, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 49:

        [H]ow thoroughly as with thy cheerful voice thou pleasantly adjurest Sam the hostler "not to let him go yet," dost thou believe that quadruped desires to go, and would go if he might?

      • 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, “Ayesha Gives Judgment”, in She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC, page 172:

        'Then tell to me, and this great company, the tale whereof I have heard.' Thus adjured, I, in as few words as I could, related the history of the cannibal feast, and of the attempted torture of our poor servant.

      • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, “The Church and Monastic Black Magic”, in The Black Art, London: John Long, →OCLC, page 50:

        The Rabbis adjured her to endow the young man with his former virility, but she vehemently refused to do so.

   4. (Christianity) To summon (the Devil or an evil spirit); to invoke; also, to exorcize (the Devil or an evil spirit).
      • 1664, Jeremy [Taylor], “The Church of Rome, as It is at this Day Disordered, Teaches Doctrines, and Uses Practises, which are in Themselves, or in Their True and Immediate Consequences, Direct Impieties, and Give Warranty to a Wicked Life”, in A Disswasive from Popery to the People of Ireland. […], Dublin: […] John Crooke, […], and are to be sold by Samuel Dancer, →OCLC, section X, page 138:

        The Prieſt ties his ſtole about the neck of the poſſeſſed vvith three knots, and ſays, […] I exorciſe you [evil spirits], and adjure you, and command you, by the povver I have, that you incontinently hear the vvords of my conjuring, and perceive your ſelves overcome, and command you not to depart vvithout licenſe, and ſo I bind you vvith this ſtole of jucundity; […]

2. (intransitive, Christianity) To summon the Devil or an evil spirit; also, to exorcize the Devil or an evil spirit.
   • 1649, Richard Hodges, Most Plain Directions for True-writing: […], London: […] W. D. for Rich[ard] Hodges […]; [a]lso by Nicolas Bourn, […], published 1653, →OCLC, page 7:

     His daily exerciſe is to exorciſe or adjure.

使用する際の注意点

Not to be confused with abjure (“to solemnly reject (someone or something); etc.”).

Conjugation

派生語

• adjurer, adjuror
• adjuring (adjective, noun)
• adjurist

関連する語

参照

Further reading

• adjurist on Wikipedia.Wikipedia