condescendとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛnd/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˌkɑːndɪˈsɛnd/

動詞

condescend (三人称単数 現在形 condescends, 現在分詞 condescending, 過去形および過去分詞形 condescended)

1. (intransitive) To come down from one's superior position; to deign (to do something).
   • 1665, John Dryden, The Indian Emperour […]‎^[1], London: Printed by J.M. for H. Herringman, published 1667, Act I, scene ii:

     Spain's mighty monarch […] / In gracious clemency, does condescend / On these conditions, to become your friend.

   • 1847 December, Acton Bell [pseudonym; Anne Brontë], chapter V, in Agnes Grey. […], London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC:

     Fanny and little Harriet he seldom condescended to notice; but Mary Ann was something of a favourite.

2. (intransitive) To treat (someone) as though inferior; to be patronizing (toward someone); to talk down (to someone).
   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XIV, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

     I admire that admiration which the genteel world sometimes extends to the commonalty. There is no more agreeable object in life than to see Mayfair folks condescending.

   • 1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter XXIX, in Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:

     "You must know," said Estella, condescending to me as a brilliant and beautiful woman might, "that I have no heart."

   • 1880, Charlotte M. Yonge, chapter 7, in Clever Woman of the Family:

     Ermine never let any one be condescending to her, and conducted the conversation with her usual graceful good breeding.

   • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter VIII, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

     At her invitation he outlined for her the succeeding chapters with terse military accuracy ; and what she liked best and best understood was avoidance of that false modesty which condescends, turning technicality into pabulum.

3. (transitive, rare, nonstandard) To treat (someone) as though inferior; to be patronizing toward (someone); to talk down to (someone).
   • 2007, Damian Westfall, Bennett's Cow-Eyed Girl, →ISBN:

     “I didn't mean to condescend you, Mr. Shreck.”

   • 2010, Jaron Lee Knuth, Demigod, →ISBN:

     “I'm not trying to condescend you, Ben.”

   • 2014, Greg Kalleres, Honky, page 31:

     THOMAS. [...] Does my anger deserve your condescension?

     ANDIE. I wasn't condescending you; I was just asking.

     THOMAS. No. You said “angry black man.” Like my anger only exists in a stereotype. That's condescending.

4. (intransitive, obsolete) To consent, agree.
   • 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur Book XXI, Chapter iv, leaf 423r:

     Than were they condesended that Kyng Arthure and syr mordred shold mete betwyxte bothe theyr hoostes and eueryche of them shold brynge fourtene persones
     "Then were they condescended that King Arthur and Sir Mordred should meet betwixt both their hosts, and everych of them should bring fourteen persons"

   • 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […]”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, lines 1134–1136:

     Can they think me so broken, so debased / With corporal servitude, that my mind ever / Will condescend to such absurd commands?

   • 1868, Horatio Alger, chapter 3, in Struggling Upward:

     "This is the pay I get for condescending to let you go with me."

5. (intransitive, obsolete) To come down.

使用する際の注意点

• "Condescend" is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs
• In sense “to talk down”, the derived participial adjective condescending (かつ corresponding adverb condescendingly) are more common than the verb itself.
• In older usage, "condescend" could be used non-pejoratively (in a sense similar to that of treating someone as inferior) to describe the action of those who socialized in a friendly way with their social inferiors. Now that the concept of social inferiors has largely fallen out of currency, so has this non-pejorative sense. Thus, in w:Pride_and_Prejudice, a character could say of another, "I need not say you will be delighted with her. She is all affability and condescension.”

同意語

• (come down from superior position): acquiesce, deign, stoop, vouchsafe
• (talk down, treat as inferior): patronize, belittle, put on airs
• (consent): yield
• (come down): descend

関連する語

• condescendence
• condescend upon
• condescension
• descend

Further reading

• “condescend”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “condescend”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.