fascineとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Fascines (sense 1) used to strengthen the riverbank of the Templin Channel in Templin, Brandenburg, Germany.

Trenches in Petersburg, Virginia, strengthened with fascines (sense 2) during the American Civil War (1861–1865).

A Chieftain armoured vehicle of the British Army’s Corps of Royal Engineers carrying fascines (sense 2) made up of plastic pipes. These fascines are used to fill in ditches that the vehicle needs to cross.

The noun is borrowed from French fascine (“bundle of kindling; bundle of branches used to build defences, fill in ditches, etc.; logs arranged horizontally between piles on the banks of a watercourse as an erosion barrier”), from Old French faissine, from Latin fascīna (“bundle of sticks”), from fascis (“bundle of sticks, faggot, fascine; bundle, package; burden, load”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- (“band; bundle”)) + -īna (the nominative, vocative, or ablative feminine singular of -īnus (suffix forming nouns)).^[1]

The verb is derived from the noun.^[2]

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /fəˈsiːn/, /fæ-/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /fəˈsin/
• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /fɛˈsiːn/
• 韻: -iːn
• ハイフネーション: fasc‧ine

名詞

fascine (複数形 fascines)

1. (chiefly construction) Originally a cylindrical bundle of small sticks of wood, and now often a bundle of plastic pipes, bound together, and used for strengthening purposes, such as in revetments for riverbanks, and in mats for dams, jetties, etc.
2. (specifically, military fortification) A similar bundle of sticks of wood or plastic pipes used for filling in ditches for armoured fighting vehicles to drive over, and for making parapets, raising batteries, and strengthening ramparts.
   • 1748, [Tobias Smollett], chapter XXXII, in The Adventures of Roderick Random. […], volume I, 2nd edition, London: […] J. Osborn […], OCLC 1181155068, page 284:

     Our forces being landed and ſtationed as I have already mentioned, ſet about erecting a faſchine battery to cannonade the principal fort of the enemy, and in ſomething more than three vveeks, it vvas ready to open.

   • 1786, Francis Grose, “Morris Pikes”, in A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, […], London: […] S. Hooper, […], OCLC 642710652, pages 51–52:

     Halberts differ very little from the bill, being like them conſtructed both for puſhing and cutting: a halbert conſiſts of three parts, the ſpear, or ſometimes a kind of ſvvord blade for puſhing, an ax, or hatchet for ſtriking and cutting, and a flook or hook for pulling down faſcines, in the attack of trenches, or temporary fortifications.

3. (figuratively, rare) Something which is used for defensive purposes.

下位語

• rouleau
• sap fagot
• saucisse

派生語

• fascine knife
• fascinery (古風な用法 または 廃れた用法)

関連する語

動詞

fascine (三人称単数 現在形 fascines, 現在分詞 fascining, 過去形および過去分詞形 fascined)

1. (transitive, originally military, chiefly New Zealand) To use fascines to build or reinforce (something), or to fill in (a trench, etc.).

参照