lexiconとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Through Middle French or directly from New Latin lexicon, from Byzantine Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon, a dictionary”), ellipsis from Ancient Greek λεξικὸν βιβλίον (lexikòn biblíon, literally “a book of words”), from λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγω (légō, “to speak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather, collect”).

Attested at least since 1583 (in William Fulke's A Defense of the Sincere and True Translations of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue) in the sense 'a dictionary of a classical language'.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kən/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɒn/
• (General American, dialects of Canada) enPR: lĕk'sĭkŏn, IPA: /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɑn/
• (Canada, dialects of the 米国発音) IPA: /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kən/, /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɒn/
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˈlek.sɪ.kən/, /ˈlek.sɪ.kɔn/
• (New Zealand) IPA: /ˈlek.sə.kən/, /ˈlek.sə.kɒn/, [ˈlek.sə.kɔ̟n]

名詞

lexicon (plural lexica or lexicons)

1. The vocabulary of a language.

   Synonyms: word-hoard, word-stock

   Coordinate term: lexis

   • 1979, Charles C. Lemert, “Language, Structure, and Measurement: Structuralist Semiotics and Sociology”, in The American Journal of Sociology, volume 84, number 4, page 944:

     Formalism seeks to correct this deficiency by translating verbal texts into formal, mathematizable lexicons which are then manipulated into general propositions.

2. (lexicography, linguistics) A dictionary that includes or focuses on lexemes.

   Synonym: wordbook

   • 2000, Mary Depew, Dirk Obbink, Matrices of Genre: Authors, Canons, and Society, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 10, →ISBN:

     Sluiter examines a tension inherent in such scholarly works as lexica, scholia, epitomai, and commentaries: although the very titles of these works claim no more than secondary status, their authors engage nonetheless in a rhetoric of self-legitimation.

3. A dictionary of Classical Greek, Hebrew, Latin, or Aramaic.
4. (programming) The lexicology of a programming language. (Usually called lexical structure.)
5. (rare) Any dictionary.
6. The vocabulary used by or known to an individual. (Also called lexical knowledge.)

   Coordinate term: idiolect

7. A set of vocabulary specific to a certain subject.

   the baseball lexicon

   • 2002, Robert Wuthnow, Vocabularies Of Public Life, page 171:

     Turns, twists, walks, runs, falls, and somersaults, along with many other movements, are the specific vocabularic elements which make up the lexicon of dance.

   1. A list thereof.

      Synonym: glossary

      a baseball lexicon

派生語

関連する語

Further reading

• “lexicon”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “lexicon”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

動詞

lexicon (third-person singular simple present lexicons, present participle lexiconing, simple past and past participle lexiconed)

1. (transitive) To add to a lexicon.
   • 2011 September 1, Harry Pearson, “London 2012 can legacy by verbing the noun”, in The Guardian‎, archived from the original on 22 September 2024:

     Vocab-wise, medalling and PB-ing are now totally part-and-parcelled, and most experts in South Korea believe podiumed, finalled and all-comered are not far off lexiconing.

2. (film) To shorten a soundtrack to fit a shortened version of a movie.
   • 1991 July 26, Beth Hawkins, “A Call for Legal Action Against Film Alterations : Movies: Six prominent filmmakers join a N.Y. congressman in asking for warning labels if a film has been ‘colorized,’ ‘lexiconed’ or compressed.”, in Los Angeles Times‎, archived from the original on 21 January 2022:

     Mrazek’s legislation would discourage time compression, a technique used to speed up a movie, and “lexiconing,” a process of altering the soundtrack to match the shorter, compressed version.

アナグラム

• lexonic

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɫɛk.sɪ.kɔn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈlɛk.si.kon]

名詞

lexicon n (genitive lexicī); second declension

1. (New Latin) a dictionary, a lexicon

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter, Greek-type).

派生した語

• → Dutch: lexicon m
• → German: Lexikon, Lexicon
  • → Czech: lexikon
  • → Hungarian: lexikon (“encyclopedia”)
  • → Swedish: lexikon
• → Middle French: lexicon m
  • French: lexique m
  • → English: lexicon (possibly; or directly from Latin)

参照

• “lexicon”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• lexicon in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016