「ruling class」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(2ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

Under such circumstances, controlling each member of the community by imposing and collecting taxes was no longer possible, and the government and the ruling class were becoming aware of the necessity for a new control system. 例文帳に追加

そうなると、人民一人ひとりを収取（課税・徴税）単位としていた人別支配はもはや不可能となり、政府や支配層にとって別の支配体制を構築する必要が生じていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Through the medieval period and early-modern times, the nengu was the principal financial resource for the ruling class, which the ordinary population continued to bear its burden. 例文帳に追加

こうして成立した年貢は、その後の中世・近世を通じて、支配層の主要な財源として位置づけられ、被支配層にとっては年貢を負担する義務が課され続けたのである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

To ensure yields of tax, the Imperial Court introduced a new ruling system where Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) in provinces were divided into units of myoden (rice field lots in charge of nominal holders) so that land lords of the wealthy class (Tato (cultivators)) undertook the management of myoden and land tax payment. 例文帳に追加

朝廷は租税収入を確保するために、諸国の国衙領を名田という単位へ分割し、在地の富豪層（田堵）へ名田経営と租税納入を請け負わせる支配体制へと移行した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Gradually, economical and political contradiction became serious between zuryo, who had big authority for ruling provinces, and gunji/tato fumyo class, who had economic power gained through the management of myoden or private estates. 例文帳に追加

国内支配に大幅な権限を有した受領と、名経営や私領経営などを通じて経済力をつけてきた郡司・田堵負名層との間には、次第に経済的・政治的矛盾が生じるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the world of noblemen, a family formation developed based on government positions, court ranks and territorial lands; during the prime of the medieval ages, families were formed among lower-ranking nobles and the ruling class in cities. 例文帳に追加

つぎに自由貴族においても官職や位階、領地を基盤として家門形成が進み、中世盛期には下級貴族や都市の支配階級においても家門が形成された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The unit of the medieval land ruling is called myoden (rice field lots in the charge of a nominal holder), and at that period the wealthy class called Tato (cultivators) that came from gunji (local magistrates) and native provincial governors undertook the management of myo and came to be called Fumyo (tiller of the public rice field). 例文帳に追加

この土地支配の単位を名田と呼ぶが、この頃、郡司、土着国司などを出自とする田堵と呼ばれた富豪層は、名の経営を請け負い、負名と呼ばれるようになっていった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Italian city-states used this kind of law as a means to restrain the extension of power of the nobles who were then the ruling class and to suppress the increasing influence of women, which was becoming a concern of the country. 例文帳に追加

イタリアの都市国家では支配階層であり貴族層の権力伸張を抑える手段として用いられ、続いて女性の発言力増加を危惧してこれを抑圧するための手段として出された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Aristocrats of the ruling class originally trained in 'martial arts' as well, and there were many 'heroic samurai' that appeared within the 'obituaries' of aristocrats during the early Heian period. 例文帳に追加

貴族は支配階級であり、支配階級たる貴族は本来「武」を兼ね備えており、平安時代初期の貴族の「卒伝」の中にも、そうした「武勇の士」は沢山出てくる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

During the Yi Dynasty Korea period, yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty), which had Neo-Confucianism permeate their daily lives as their ideological foundation, grew into a status hierarchy that produced intellectual people and ethical leaders. 例文帳に追加

李氏朝鮮時代、日常生活に浸透した朱子学を思想的基盤とした両班は知識人・道徳的指導者を輩出する身分階層に発展した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

This is because the broader-based political power incorporated a class of Gozoku into their administration in order to stabilize the political power, or adversely Chihokan became Gozoku when the ruling power of the broader-based political administration weakened. 例文帳に追加

広域政権側が政権安定のために豪族層の政権内への取り込みを行ったり、逆に広域政権の支配力が弱まると地方官が豪族化することがあるからである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In Korea where no modern state system was established, the ownership system for land was not clear, and thus yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) often grabbed land with violence and peasants kept fighting over the land. 例文帳に追加

近代国家体制の確立していなかった朝鮮では、土地の所有制度が不明瞭であり両班の暴力による土地収奪などは日常茶飯事であり、農民の間でも土地の所有をめぐる抗争が絶えなかった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

All the families belonging to the local ruling class in Japan in the Insei period (the period of the government by a retired emperor) tried to extend their influence as warriors of the retired emperors, receiving the protection from those powerful figures in the center by donating them their estates. 例文帳に追加

院政時代全国の在地支配層は、こぞって中央の有力者に荘園を寄進してその庇護を受け、院の武者として勢力を拡大しようとした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

After World War II, Marxian history began to define samurai as the ruling class and the peasants as the ruled class, emphasizing the misery of the peasants' life and the existence of a class struggle derived from this misery, with merchants as the bourgeoisies who accumulated property (capital) which ushered in the modern age. 例文帳に追加

第二次世界大戦後はマルクス主義的な歴史認識により、武士を支配階級、農民を被支配階級と定義し、農民生活の悲惨さとそれに由来する階級闘争の存在が強調され、商人は財産（資本）を蓄積したブルジョワ階級であり、近代への幕を開く歴史的存在として捉えられるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Kokujin sometimes were subordinates of external rulers such as shugo and manor lords, and were subject to subordinate-like ruling, but at times were rebels backed by a strong military force gained by subordinating the jizamurai (local samurai), who were at the upper level in the peasant class within their territory, and by coordinating with other kokujin. 例文帳に追加

国人は、守護や荘園領主など領域外からの支配者に対しては、その被官となって半従属的支配を受けることもあれば、領内の百姓身分の上層部である地侍を被官化することによって得た強力な軍事力や他の国人との連携を背景に反抗することもあった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Bushi were firstly in the class which guarded the Emperor and aristocrats and suppressed the conflicts as symbolized in 'samurai,' but when the Kamakura bakufu was established through the Taira clan government by TAIRA no Kiyomori, bushi developed into the official authority which were in charge of military affairs and police activities against the Imperial Court, kokushi (provincial governors) and shoen which were traditionally ruling powers. 例文帳に追加

武士は当初、「侍」に象徴されるように天皇・貴族の警護や紛争の鎮圧を任とする階層であったが、平清盛の平氏政権を経て鎌倉幕府の成立に至り、旧来の支配権力である朝廷・国司・荘園に対して全国の軍事・警察を担う公権力に発展した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

During the Five Dynasties period the class of aristocrats was impoverished and during the early Sung dynasty, while kakyo system (the Imperial Examination System) was streamlined, the strength of warriors was oppressed and so the bureaucracy was born from the local ruling families, who protected the bureaucrats to develop the shoens for them and their families. 例文帳に追加

五代には貴族層が没落し、宋(王朝)初には科挙制度が整備される一方で武人の勢力が抑圧されるようになったために、地方の豪族から官僚が生み出され、その庇護によって当人及び一族の荘園が発展するという構図が描かれるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Through the empowerment of zuryos, they incorporated the local ruling families leading the people into a kokuga government system, instead of the jo (the third-ranking local administrator) and sakan (the fourth-ranking local administrator) who were reluctant to accept the one-sided orders they issued because jo and sakan were also old administrative aides from the same class, in order to strengthen the governance of both tax collection and military affairs. 例文帳に追加

この権限拡大を背景として、受領たちは租税収取・軍事両面において統治を強化するため、旧来の補佐官で同一階層出自ゆえに一方的に使役しがたい掾（じょう）、目（さかん）に替えて、国内の豪族・有力者らを国衙の体制に組み入れた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition, he stressed that bushi originated from aristocrats in Kyo (Kyoto), and martial arts that centered mostly around cavalry and archery passed down through aristocrats of the ruling class and their surrounding members during the Nara and Heian periods down to the medieval bushi. 例文帳に追加

そして武士は京の貴族から生まれた、つまり騎馬と弓箭を中心とした武芸が、奈良・平安時代を通じて、支配階級である都の貴族とその周辺に面々と受け継がれ、それが中世の武士に引き継がれたと言うことを強調した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The thought was that if merchants and artisans were allowed to freely pursuit profits, their wealth would threaten the ruling class and farmers would give up the hard labor of agriculture start new careers as sho or ko, decreasing agricultural output, leading to famine, and resulting in the collapse of the social order. 例文帳に追加

商人や職人に自由に利潤追求を許せば、その経済力によって支配階級が脅かされ、農民が重労働である農業を嫌って商工に転身する事により穀物の生産が減少して飢饉が発生し、ひいては社会秩序が崩壊すると考えたのである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Therefore, revolts and uprising of discontented yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea), discriminated classes, impoverished farmers, and thieves occurred and got suppression by the Korean army during their cleanup and executions occurred out of struggles for power in the Korean court were conducted and the such turmoil created further misery in the midst of the war damage. 例文帳に追加

その為、不平両班や被差別階級、困窮した農民、盗賊による反乱、蜂起、及び朝鮮軍によるその鎮圧、また朝鮮王朝内部の政争による粛正や処刑などが行われ、混乱は戦災を更に悲惨なものとした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

As noted above, while the economy was founded on land capital, samurai soldiers as the ruling class have no land ownership, and this peculiar situation made it almost impossible to secure a steady livelihood of samurai in harmony with the national stable growth polity, so that the tight monetary policy lying hard on the economy resulted in chronic recession. 例文帳に追加

このように、土地資本を基盤とする反面、土地所有者ではない支配者層という独自な立場に立たされた武士の生活の安定と、安定成長政策とは必ずしも上手く融合できずに、金融引き締め的な経済圧迫政策がを打ち出されて不況が慢性化した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Among the kuge, the upper nobles were building up their financial basis by ruling a shoen estate as honke (a head family), gaining the commendation of shoen, and middle-class nobles were doing so by gaining the right to manage shoen, as they were appointed to azukaridokoro (a deputy of "shoen" manor lord) by upper nobles or main temples and shrines, and so on 例文帳に追加

公家のうち、上流貴族は荘園寄進を受けて本家として荘園支配を行うことにより、また中流貴族は上流貴族や大寺社から預所などに任命されて荘園管理権を得ることにより、経済的基盤を築いていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The accepted theory and views among historians in early post-World War II period were based on "Chuseiteki sekai no keise" (The formation of the medieval world) by Tadashi ISHIMODA, which stated that "bushi" were the rising armed land lord class (the head of feudal peasant class), who eliminated the ruling class consisting of old aristocrats and religious forces, and this new power (bushi class) founded and controlled the Kamakura bakufu controlled in medieval era. 例文帳に追加

戦後初期の歴史学者の中での通説となったものは、石母田正の『中世的世界の形成』をベースに、古代支配階級である貴族や宗教勢力に対して、新たに発生した在地領主層（封建的農奴主階級）が武装したものが「武士」であり、その新興勢力（武士階級）が、古代支配階級である貴族や宗教勢力を排除し、鎌倉幕府という武士階級を中心とした中世世界をもたらしたという歴史観であった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Although this could have apparently produced a chigaihoken (extraterritoriality) area in the domains of shugo daimyo and seems to have caused an obstacle in ruling systems of the Muromachi bakufu, in fact, contrary to that, by tightening of the shugo-ryogoku system (the system that a shugo dominates a manor), it prevented shugo daimyo from executing ryogoku ichien shihai (ruling the whole region of the territory) and suppressed expansion of his power, and at the same time, the privileged gokenin class tried to maintain this privilege by increasing dependence on the bakufu powers, which helped the bakufu form support for political, economic, and military bases to confront the shugo daimyo. 例文帳に追加

これによって一見すると守護大名の領域に治外法権地域が生まれる事になり、室町幕府の支配系統に障害が生じたかのように見られるが、実態はそれとは反対で守護領国制の強化によって守護大名による領国一円支配を阻止してその勢力拡大を抑制するとともに、特権を受けた御家人層は幕府権力への依存を強めてこの権利を維持しようと図り、幕府にとっては守護大名に対抗するための政治的・経済的・軍事的な基盤を支える支持の形成に効果があった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Although hakucho's expenditure and behavior were heavily restricted, they could earn commissions from their jobs, and escaped the terrible property collection, which was performed for the common people repeatedly, since yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) detested even to seize hakucho's property, therefore it is believed that hakucho was the only rank which could accumulate the capital in Joseon Dynasty. 例文帳に追加

支出や行動が厳しく規制される反面、本業による手数料などを得ることができたことや、両班階級が財産を没収することすら忌み嫌ったために、李氏朝鮮時代に繰り返し行われていた庶民に対する過酷な財産徴収なども受けず、李氏朝鮮の中では唯一資本蓄積が可能な階級だったとも言われている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The Kamakura bakufu succeeded in calling the residents in the honjoryo, in which the bakufu established a ruling throughout the land, to arms through the external crisis accompanying Genko (Mongol Invasion), but still cannot exercise kendanken (provincial policing authority) and so forth on the honjoryo -- On the contrary, the bakufu prayed for divine protection and expected god and Buddha to support the bakufu to overcome the external crisis, and took a policy to protect not the right of the gokenin (the top of the warrior-class hierarchy) but the right of the jisharyo by issuing the jishakogyoho (Shrine restoration policy). 例文帳に追加

鎌倉幕府は元寇に伴う対外的危機を通じて、一円支配が確立した本所領の住人を動員することには成功したが、それでも検断権などを本所領に対しては及ぼすことが出来ず、却って寺社興行法などで御家人の権利よりも寺社領の権限を保護する政策を取って神仏の加護よる対外危機の克服を期待する有様であった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

(a) within the six months following the entry into force of this Law, business signs which are in force may be renewed for a period of seven years beginning on the said entry into force. The application for such renewal shall be accompanied by proof of payment of 50 per cent of the renewal fee provided for in schedule 1.8(a) of the Annex, for a single class. Where the renewal of a business sign includes only municipalities located in a single Autonomous Community, the renewal application shall be filed with the competent bodies of said Community, which shall be responsible for ruling on it and recording the event, without prejudice to the timely notification to the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office, within a period of five days, of both the filing of the renewal application and the ruling, for the purposes of the appropriate register entry. At the request of the competent Autonomous Community bodies, the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office shall issue copies of these business sign files. The fees to be paid for the renewal of these titles shall be collected by the competent Autonomous Communities and shall be paid in the manner provided for by those Communities;例文帳に追加

(a) 本法の施行後6月以内に効力を有する事業標識は，当該施行後7年の期間において更新することができる。当該更新の申請書には，単一の類について付録の附則1.8(a)に規定の更新手数料の50％の納付の証拠を添付するものとする。事業標識の更新が単一自治州に所在する自治体のみを含む場合は，更新申請書は当該自治州の所轄官庁に提出するものとし，当該所轄官庁は，適切な登録簿への記入を目的として，5日の期間内にスペイン特許商標庁に対し更新申請書の提出及び規律の双方を適時に報告することを害することなく，これを規律し，かつ事由を記録することを担当するものとする。自治州の所轄官庁による請求により，スペイン特許商標庁はこれら事業標識についてのファイルの写しを発行する。これらの名称の更新のために納付すべき手数料は，所轄自治州によって回収され，当該自治州が規定する方法により納付されるものとする。 - 特許庁

(3) The provision of Article 791 (excluding paragraph (1), item (i) and paragraph (3)) (Keeping and Inspection, etc. of Documents, etc. Related to Absorption-Type Split or Share Exchange) of the Companies Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a converting Mutual Company carrying out a share exchange on Entity Conversion; the provisions of Article 309, paragraph (2) (excluding all items) (Resolution of Shareholders Meetings), Article 324, paragraph (2) (excluding all items (Resolution of Class Meetings) and Part V, Chapter V, Section 2, Subsection 2, Division 1 (excluding Article 795, paragraph (4), items (i) and (ii), Article 796, paragraph (3), item (i), (b), Article 799, paragraph (1), items (i) and (ii), Article 800, Article 801, paragraphs (1) and (2), Article 801, paragraph (3), items (i) and (ii), and Article 801, paragraph (5)) (Procedures for Stock Company) of that Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to a Wholly Owning Parent Company for Share Exchange on Entity Conversion; and the provisions of Article 868, paragraph (1) (Jurisdiction of Non-Contentious cases), Article 870 (limited to the segment pertaining to item (iv)) (Hearing of Statements), the main clause of Article 871 (Supplementary Note of Reasons), Article 872 (limited to the segment pertaining to item (iv)) (Immediate Appeal Against Ruling), the main clause of Article 873 (Stay of Execution of Original Sentence), Article 875 (Exclusion from Application of Provisions of Act on Procedures for Non-Contentious Cases) and Article 876 (Supreme Court Rules) of that Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to an application under Article 798, paragraph (2) of that Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph. In this case, any other necessary technical change in interpretation shall be specified by a Cabinet Order. 例文帳に追加

３　会社法第七百九十一条（第一項第一号及び第三項を除く。）（吸収分割又は株式交換に関する書面等の備置き及び閲覧等）の規定は組織変更株式交換を伴う組織変更をする相互会社について、同法第三百九条第二項（各号を除く。）（株主総会の決議）、第三百二十四条第二項（各号を除く。）（種類株主総会の決議）及び第五編第五章第二節第二款第一目（第七百九十五条第四項第一号及び第二号、第七百九十六条第三項第一号ロ、第七百九十九条第一項第一号及び第二号、第八百条並びに第八百一条第一項、第二項、第三項第一号及び第二号並びに第五項を除く。）（株式会社の手続）の規定は組織変更株式交換完全親会社について、同法第八百六十八条第一項（非訟事件の管轄）、第八百七十条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（陳述の聴取）、第八百七十一条本文（理由の付記）、第八百七十二条（第四号に係る部分に限る。）（即時抗告）、第八百七十三条本文（原裁判の執行停止）、第八百七十五条（非訟事件手続法の規定の適用除外）及び第八百七十六条（最高裁判所規則）の規定はこの項において準用する同法第七百九十八条第二項の規定による申立てについて、それぞれ準用する。この場合において、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。 - 日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム