anvilとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English anfilt, anvelt, anfelt, from late 古期英語 anfilt, anfilte, anfealt, from earlier onfilti (“anvil”), from Proto-West Germanic *anafalt (compare Middle Dutch anvilte, Low German Anfilts, Anefilt, Old High German anafalz), compound of *ana (“on”) + *falt (“beaten”) (compare German falzen (“to groove, fold, welt”), Swedish dialectal filta (“to beat”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-t- (“shaken, beaten”) (compare Middle Irish lethar (“leather”), Latin pellō (“to beat, strike”), Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to toss, brandish”)), enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to stir, move”). More at felon.

発音

• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈæn.vəl/, /ˈæn.vɪl/
• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈæn.vɪl/

名詞

anvil (複数形 anvils)

1. A heavy iron block used in the blacksmithing trade as a surface upon which metal can be struck and shaped.
   • 1594 (first publication), Christopher Marlow[e], The Trovblesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edvvard the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, OCLC 837836359, [Act I]:

     My heart is as an anvil unto sorrow,
     Which beats upon it like the Cyclops’ hammers […]

   • c. 1596, William Shakespeare, “The Life and Death of King Iohn”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene ii]:

     I saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus,
     The whilst his iron did on the anvil cool,
     With open mouth swallowing a tailor’s news […]

   • 1794, William Blake, “The Tyger,” lines 15-16,

     What the anvil? what dread grasp / Dare its deadly terrors clasp?

   • 1839, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “[Miscellaneous.] The Village Blacksmith.”, in Ballads and Other Poems, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1842, OCLC 978271908, stanza 8, page 102:

     Thus at the flaming forge of life / Our fortunes must be wrought; / Thus on its sounding anvil shaped / Each burning deed and thought!

   • 1875–1876, Gerard Manley Hopkins, “The Wreck of the Deutschland”, in Robert Bridges, editor, Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins: Now First Published […], London: Humphrey Milford, published 1918, OCLC 5093462, part 1, stanza 10, page 14:

     With an anvil-ding / And with fire in him forge thy will / Or rather, rather then, stealing as Spring / Through him, melt him but master him still: [...]

2. (anatomy) The incus bone in the middle ear.
3. A stone or other hard surface used by a bird for breaking the shells of snails.
4. The non-moving surface of a micrometer against which the item to be measured is placed.
5. (meteorology) A horizontal-topped mass of cloud, shaped like a blacksmith's anvil, that forms before a thunderstorm.

同意語

• stithy

派生語

動詞

anvil (三人称単数 現在形 anvils, 現在分詞 anvilling または anviling, 過去形および過去分詞形 anvilled または anviled)

1. (transitive, often figurative) To fashion on, or as if on, an anvil.
   • 1648, Abraham Cowley, The Foure Ages of England, or, The Iron Age with Other Select Poems, London, Postscript,^[1]

     I Have anvil’d out this Iron Age,

     Which I commit, not to your patronage,

     But skill and Art […]

   • 1671, John Ogilby (translator), Atlas Chinensis, London, “A Third Embassy to the Emperor of China and East-Tartary,” p. 291,^[2]

     The Family Tang caus’d an Iron Pillar to be erected there of three Rods high, and of a proportionable thickness, Anvil’d out of an intire Piece.

   • 1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XCII”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume VII, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], OCLC 13631815, page 341:

     I never started a roguery, that did not come out of thy forge in a manner ready anvilled and hammered for execution […]

参考

• hammer
• ossicle
• stirrup

Further reading

• anvil on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• Alvin, Lavin, Vilna, nival, vinal