scytheとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• (古風な用法): sithe, sythe
• (Exmoor 方言): zive

語源

From Middle English sythe, sithe, from 古期英語 sīþe, sīgþe, sigdi (“sickle”), from Proto-West Germanic *sigiþi, from Proto-Germanic *sigiþiz, *sigiþō, derived from *seg- (“saw”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).^[1]

Immediate Germanic cognates include Middle Low German sēgede, Dutch zicht, Icelandic sigð (all “sickle”). More distantly related with Dutch zeis, German Sense (both “scythe”). Also akin to English saw, which see.

The silent c crept in during the early 15th century owing to pseudoetymological association with Medieval Latin scissor (“tailor, carver”), from Latin scindere (“to cut, rend, split”).

The verb, which was first used in the intransitive sense, is from the noun.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈsaɪð/, (some accents) IPA^(key): /ˈsaɪθ/
• 韻: -aɪð, -aɪθ

名詞

scythe (複数形 scythes)

1. An instrument for mowing grass, grain, etc. by hand, composed of a long, curving blade with a sharp concave edge, fastened to a long handle called a snath. [before 10th century]
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 12”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

     And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence
     Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence.

   • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 41:

     Early next morning the gudewife took a scythe on her shoulder, and went out in the fields with the hay-mowers to mow.

2. (historical) A scythe-shaped blade attached to ancient war chariots.
3. (cartomancy) The tenth Lenormand card.

派生語

• nature's scythe

Further reading

• Scythe on Wikipedia.
• Scythe in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

動詞

scythe (三人称単数 現在形 scythes, 現在分詞 scything, 過去形および過去分詞形 scythed)

1. (intransitive) To use a scythe. [from 1570s]
2. (transitive) To cut with a scythe. [from 1570s]
3. (transitive) To cut off as with a scythe; to mow. [from 1590s]
4. (intransitive, figurative, often with through) To attack or injure as if cutting.
   • 2011, Catherine Sampson, The Pool of Unease:

     The boy began to keen, and the high-pitched noise scythed through Song's head.

   • 2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 20:09 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?‎^[1], archived from the original on 3 November 2022:

     The smaller shells make a complete slaughterhouse of the bridge, and the splinters scythe through anyone out on deck.

派生語

• scythe down
• scytheman
• scyther

参照

アナグラム

• Tyches, chesty