un-とは意味・読み方・使い方

接頭辞

un-

1. (added to adjectives または past participles) not

   unannounced (“not being announced”)

   uneducated (“not educated”)

   unattractive (“not attractive”)

   unconstitutional (“not constitutional”)

2. (added to nouns) absent; lacking; not; negative

   unconformity (“lack of conformity”)

   ungrace (“lack of grace, gracelessness”)

   unrest (“a lack of rest [peace]; war”, noun)

   unhope (“despair”)

   unfriend (“enemy”)

   unrepair

   unluck (“misfortune”)

   unnova

   uncertainty (“lack または absence of certainty”)

   unconformity (“a lack または absence of conformity”)

3. (added to nouns) contrary to or contrasted against traditional norms; unconventional; alternative

   unconference

   unmethod

使用する際の注意点

• Some words formed in this way may also have counterparts using in- or non-.

同意語

• (not): a-, an-, dys-, i-/il-/im-/in-/ir-, mal-, non-

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English on-, from 古期英語 ond-, and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”), from Proto-West Germanic *anda-, from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi- (“against”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”), from *h₂énts (“end, limit, forehead”). More at and-.

接頭辞

un-

1. (added to verbs to form verbs) do the opposite of, reverse (a specified action)

   to undress (“to take one's clothes off”)

   to unwind (“to reverse a winding”)

   to unlock (“to undo the locking of”)

   • 1996, Diane Warren (writer), Toni Braxton (singer), “Un-Break My Heart”, Secrets, LaFace

     Un-cry these tears I cried so many nights
     Un-break my heart

2. (added to nouns to form verbs) deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from

   to uncage (“to release from a cage”)

   to untangle (“to remove the tangling of”)

3. (rare) intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal

   undecipher; unloose; unthaw

使用する際の注意点

• Only certain verbs can take un- to form a new word with the opposite meaning. In particular, verbs that describe an irreversible action produce words often considered nonsense, e.g. unkill, unspend, unlose, unring. These words may nevertheless be in occasional use for humorous, ironic or rhetorical effect.
• Although this prefix and Etymology 1 are homonymous and semantically similar (both relating to negation), they generally do not collide as they apply to different parts of speech. Ambiguity can however be caused when used with other derivational affixes; for instance unlockable can be parsed as either unlock -able (“[a lock] that is able to be unlocked”) or un- lockable (“not capable of being locked at all”).
  • It is possible for a word to contain both prefixes, e.g. unundoable, but this is generally avoided due to being clumsy or unclear.

同意語

• (opposite): anti-, in-, non-
• (release): de-, dis-, off-

語源 3

From Latin ūnus.

接頭辞

un-

1. Used to form temporary names of elements (such as unbiunium) whose existence has been predicted, and have not yet been given a trivial name.
2. Used to form large numbers as the first in the sequence.

   undecillion

   unvigintillion

   untrigintillion

同意語

• -un-

参照

• Definition of un- - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

アナグラム

• NU, Nu, nu

語源 1

From Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Cognate with Old Frisian un-, Old Saxon un-, Old Dutch un-, Old High German un-, Old Norse ó-, Gothic ����- (un-). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.

発音

• IPA^(key): /un/

接頭辞

un-

1. negation or absence of: un-, non- (added to nouns かつ adjectives)

   ‎un- + ‎dēadlīċ (“mortal”) → ‎undēadlīċ (“immortal”)

   ‎un- + ‎dēop (“deep”) → ‎undēop (“shallow”)

   ‎un- + ‎dīere (“expensive”) → ‎undīere (“cheap”)

   ‎un- + ‎druncen (“drunk”) → ‎undruncen (“sober”)

   ‎un- + ‎fæġer (“beautiful”) → ‎unfæġer (“ugly”)

   ‎un- + ‎ġewǣpnod (“armed”) → ‎unġewǣpnod (“unarmed”)

   ‎un- + ‎nytt (“useful”) → ‎unnytt (“useless”)

   ‎un- + ‎sċyldiġ (“guilty”) → ‎unsċyldiġ (“innocent”)

   ‎un- + ‎rīpe (“mature”) → ‎unrīpe (“immature”)

   ‎un- + ‎wita (“knower”) → ‎unwita (“idiot”)

2. bad (added to nouns to denote a pejorative sense; compare mis-, mal-)

   ‎un- + ‎dǣd (“action”) → ‎undǣd (“crime”)

   ‎un- + ‎ġelimp (“event”) → ‎unġelimp (“accident”)

   ‎un- + ‎hlīsa (“fame”) → ‎unhlīsa (“infamy”)

   ‎un- + ‎lǣċe (“doctor”) → ‎unlǣċe (“quack”)

   ‎un- + ‎lyft (“air”) → ‎unlyft (“malaria,” lit. “bad air”)

   ‎un- + ‎mann (“person”) → ‎unmann (“thug”)

   ‎un- + ‎rǣd (“advice”) → ‎unrǣd (“bad advice”)

   ‎un- + ‎stenċ (“smell”) → ‎unstenċ (“stench”)

   ‎un- + ‎swefn (“dream”) → ‎unswefn (“bad dream”)

   ‎un- + ‎tīma (“time”) → ‎untīma (“wrong time”)

   ‎un- + ‎þēaw (“habit”) → ‎unþēaw (“vice”)

   ‎un- + ‎weder (“weather”) → ‎unweder (“bad weather”)

同意語

• (bad): yfel

派生した語

• Middle English: un-
  • Scots: un-
  • English: un-

語源 2

Originally an alternative form of on-, from Proto-Germanic *and-. Cognate with Old Frisian und-, Old Saxon ant-, Old High German ant- (German ent-).

発音

• IPA^(key): /un/

別の表記

• on-

接頭辞

un-

1. forms verbs from verbs, with an opposite or reversive sense

派生語

発音

• IPA^(key): /ʌn/
• 韻: -ʌn

代名詞

'un (複数形 'uns)

1. (colloquial) One (a thing).

   Give me one of those round 'uns.

2. (colloquial, facetious or dialectal, Cornwall) One (a person).

   We've got a clever 'un here!

別の表記

• un
• (まれに, in some compounds, e.g. youngin, youins) in(s), 'in(s)

派生語

接辞

-un-

1. (chemistry) Used in the theoretical systematic names of undiscovered chemical elements, standing for a 1 in the atomic number

派生語