un-とは

意味・読み方・使い方

接頭辞

un-

1. (added to adjectives または past participles) not

   unannounced (“not being announced”)

   uneducated (“not educated”)

   unattractive (“not attractive”)

   unconstitutional (“not constitutional”)

2. (added to nouns) absent; lacking; not; negative

   ungrace (“lack of grace, gracelessness”)

   unrest (“a lack of rest [peace]; war”, noun)

   unhope (“despair”)

   unfriend (“enemy”)

   unrepair

   unluck (“misfortune”)

   unnova

   uncertainty (“lack または absence of certainty”)

   unconformity (“a lack または absence of conformity”)

3. (added to nouns) contrary to or contrasted against traditional norms; unconventional; alternative

   unconference

   unmethod

使用する際の注意点

• Some words formed in this way may also have counterparts using in- or non-.

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English on-, from 古期英語 ond-, and- (“against, facing, toward; in return, back, without”), from Proto-Germanic *anda-, *andi- (“against”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“across, forth, forward, ahead”), from *h₂ént- (“end, limit, forehead”). More at and-.

接頭辞

un-

1. (added to verbs to form verbs) do the opposite of, reverse (a specified action)

   to undress (“to take one's clothes off”)

   to unwind (“to reverse a winding”)

   to unlock (“to undo the locking of”)

   • 1996, Diane Warren (writer), Toni Braxton (singer), “Un-Break My Heart”, Secrets, LaFace

     Un-cry these tears I cried so many nights / Un-break my heart

2. (added to nouns to form verbs) deprive of, release from, free from, remove from, extract from

   to uncage (“to release from a cage”)

   to untangle (“to remove the tangling of”)

使用する際の注意点

• Only certain verbs can take un- to form a new word with the opposite meaning. In particular, verbs that describe an irreversible action produce words often considered nonsense, e.g. unkill, unspend, unlose, unring. These words may nevertheless be in occasional use for humorous or other effect.

同意語

• (opposite): anti-, in-, non-
• (release): de-, dis-, off-

語源 3

From Latin ūnus.

接頭辞

un-

1. Used to form temporary names of elements (such as unbiunium) whose existence has been predicted, and have not yet been given a trivial name.
2. Used to form large numbers as the first in the sequence.

   undecillion

   unvigintillion

   untrigintillion

同意語

• -un-

参照

• Definition of un- - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

アナグラム

• NU, Nu, nu

語源 1

From Proto-West Germanic *un-, from Proto-Germanic *un-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-, a prefix use of the particle *ne (“not”). Cognate with Old Frisian un-, Old Saxon un-, Old Dutch un-, Old High German un-, Old Norse ó-, Gothic ����- (un-). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-), Latin in-, and Old Irish in-.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈun/

接頭辞

un-

1. negation or absence of: un-, non- (added to nouns かつ adjectives)

   ‎un- + ‎fæġer (“beautiful”) → ‎unfæġer (“ugly”)

   ‎un- + ‎dēadlīċ (“mortal”) → ‎undēadlīċ (“immortal”)

   ‎un- + ‎dēop (“deep”) → ‎undēop (“shallow”)

   ‎un- + ‎dīere (“expensive”) → ‎undīere (“cheap”)

   ‎un- + ‎druncen (“drunk”) → ‎undruncen (“sober”)

   ‎un- + ‎ġewǣpnod (“armed”) → ‎unġewǣpnod (“unarmed”)

   ‎un- + ‎sċyldiġ (“guilty”) → ‎unsċyldiġ (“innocent”)

   ‎un- + ‎rīpe (“mature”) → ‎unrīpe (“immature”)

2. bad (added to nouns to denote a pejorative sense; compare mis-, mal-)

   ‎un- + ‎dǣd (“action”) → ‎undǣd (“crime”)

   ‎un- + ‎ġelimp (“event”) → ‎unġelimp (“accident”)

   ‎un- + ‎hlīsa (“fame”) → ‎unhlīsa (“infamy”)

   ‎un- + ‎lǣċe (“doctor”) → ‎unlǣċe (“bad doctor”)

   ‎un- + ‎lyft (“air”) → ‎unlyft (“malaria,” lit. “bad air”)

   ‎un- + ‎mann (“person”) → ‎unmann (“brute”)

   ‎un- + ‎rǣd (“advice”) → ‎unrǣd (“bad advice”)

   ‎un- + ‎stenċ (“smell”) → ‎unstenċ (“stench”)

   ‎un- + ‎swefn (“dream”) → ‎unswefn (“bad dream”)

   ‎un- + ‎tīma (“time”) → ‎untīma (“wrong time”)

   ‎un- + ‎weder (“weather”) → ‎unweder (“bad weather”)

   ‎un- + ‎þēaw (“habit”) → ‎unþēaw (“vice”)

派生した語

• Middle English: un-
  • Scots: un-
  • English: un-

語源 2

Originally an alternative form of on-, from Proto-Germanic *and-. Cognate with Old Frisian und-, Old Saxon ant-, Old High German ant- (German ent-).

発音

• IPA^(key): /unˈ/

別の表記

• on-

接頭辞

un-

1. forms verbs from verbs, with an opposite or reversive sense

派生語

発音

• IPA^(key): /ʌn/

代名詞

'un (複数形 'uns)

1. (colloquial) One (a thing).

   Give me one of those round 'uns.

2. (colloquial, facetious or dialectal) One (a person).

   We've got a clever 'un here!

別の表記

• un
• (まれに, in some compounds, e.g. youngin, youins) in(s), 'in(s)

派生語

接辞

-un-

1. (chemistry) Used in the theoretical systematic names of undiscovered chemical elements, standing for a 1 in the atomic number

派生語

アナグラム

• NU, Nu, nu