英和和英

語源 1

動詞

got (third-person singular simple present got or (nonstandard) gots, no present participle, simple past (by suppletion) had, no past participle)

1. Expressing obligation; used with have.

   I can’t go out tonight: I’ve got to study for my exams.

2. (colloquial, with to) Must; have/has (to).

   I got to go study.

   • 1971, Carole King, Gerry Goffin, “Smackwater Jack”, in Tapestry, Ode Records:

     We got to ride to clean up the streets / For our wives and our daughters!

3. (colloquial, regional or nonstandard) Have/has.

   They got a new car.

   He got a lot of nerve.

動詞

got

1. simple past of get

   We got the last bus home.

2. past participle of get

   By that time we’d got very cold.

   I’ve got two children.

   How many children have you got?

使用する際の注意点

• (expressing obligation): "Got" is a filler word in the following example with no obvious grammatical or semantic function: "I've got to study for my exams" has the same meaning as "I have to study for my exams". It is often stressed in speech: "You've just got to see this."
• (have): In nonstandard speech, "got" may be reinterpreted as a regular present tense, so that the form gots appears in the third-person singular present, e.g. She gots a red bike.
• (past participle of get): The second sentence literally means "At some time in the past I got (obtained) two children", but in "have got" constructions like this, where "got" is used in the sense of "obtained", the sense of obtaining is lost, becoming merely one of possessing, and the sentence is in effect just a more colloquial way of saying "I have two children". Similarly, the third sentence is just a more colloquial way of saying "How many children do you have?"
• (past participle of get): The American and archaic British usage of the verb conjugates as get-got-gotten or as get-got-got depending on the meaning (see Usage Notes on "get" for details), whereas the modern British usage of the verb has mostly lost this distinction and conjugates as get-got-got in most cases. Notice the idiom get got.

同意語

• (must, have (to), have got to): gotta (informal)

派生語

語源 2

Analogous to Chinese 有, such as Hokkien 有 (ū), Cantonese 有 (jau), Mandarin 有 (yǒu). Sense 1 is also comparable to Malay ada.

動詞

got (invariable)

1. (Singlish, Manglish) Have; there is (indicates possession or existence).

   Got problem is it?

   Got ants over here.

   • 1999, Alfian Sa'at, Corridor, Singapore: SNP Editions, →OCLC, page 122:

     “Got lighter or not?”

   • 2010, Haresh Sharma, Those Who Can't, Teach, Epigram Books, Act II, scene iv:

     She sure got a lot of costume change, make-up, wig long long…

   • 2022, Daren Shiau, chapter VIII, in Heartland, Ethos Books, →ISBN:

     “There is no such thing as president of the world. But there is one king of the world. I am king of the world. Bigger than you!”
     “Where got king, one? Who say so? You play cheat.”
     “My mother say got. You don’t believe me you ask her.”

2. (Singlish, auxiliary) Marks the completive or experiential aspect.

   Synonym: (Singlish, experiential aspect only) ever

   You got shower? ― Have you showered?

   I got ski. ― I went skiing.

   I got ski before. ― I have skied before.

   • 2010 August 22, Fiona Chan, The Sunday Times, Singapore, page 13:

     You got send [e-mail] meh? I never receive leh.

   • 2021, Daryl Qilin Yam, Lovelier, Lonelier, Epigram Books, →ISBN:

     I got find it a bit weird lah, to be honest with you—it’s just a small cup!

3. (Singlish, auxiliary) Used as a marker of realis modality.

   I got go Taiwan next year. ― I’m already/actually going to Taiwan next year.

4. (Singlish, auxiliary) Used to emphasize that an action has been done.

   I got tell them just now.

5. (Singlish, auxiliary) Marks the habitual aspect in the present or past tense.

   I got cook meals for them. ― I cook meals for them; I would cook meals for them (now and then or regularly).

   You got play badminton? ― Do you play badminton?

派生語

• where got

参照

• Nomoto, Hiroki; Lee, Nala Huiying (2012), “Realis, factuality and derived-level statives: Perspectives from the analysis of Singlish got”, in Cahiers Chronos, volume 25, →ISSN, pages 219-239

アナグラム

• GTO, OTG, TGO, tog

別の表記

• gat, gathe, goth
• goet, gote, gothe, goot (Late Middle English)

発音

• IPA: /ɡɔ̝ːt/
• IPA: /ɡaːt/ (Northern)

名詞

got (plural gotes or get)

1. goat (especially a female)
2. The meat or flesh of goats
3. A chamois or antelope
4. A lustful individual; lust as a concept
5. (astrology) Capricorn

派生した語

• English: goat (see there for further descendants)
• Scots: gait, gayt
• Yola: geearth, geearte, gearte, gurth

参照

• “gōt, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 3 April 2018.

語源 2

名詞

got

1. alternative form of gutte