presently,とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English presently; equivalent to present +‎ -ly.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɛzəntli/

副詞

presently (comparative more presently, superlative most presently)

1. (now Britain, rare) Immediately, at once; quickly. [from 14^thc.]
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Polonius: My lord, the queen would speak with you, and presently.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Matthew 21:19:

     And presently the fig tree withered away.

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     , Folio Society, 2006, Vol.1, p.219:

     the butler supposing the Wine had beene so carefully commended unto him for the goodnesse of it, imediately presented some unto the Pope, who whilest he was drinking, his sonne came in and never imagining his bottles had beene toucht, tooke the cup and pledged his father, so that the Pope died presently; and the sonne, after he had long time beene tormented with sicknesse, recovered to another worse fortune.

2. Before long; soon. [from 15^thc.]

   Presently all was quiet again.

   • 1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, I.3:

     It […] is the greatest example of lenity in our Saviour, when he desired of God forgiveness unto those, who having one day brought him into the City in triumph, did presently after, act all dishonour upon him, and nothing could be heard but, Crucifige, in their Courts.

   • 1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 24962326:

     But they had already discovered that he could be bullied, and they had it their own way; and presently Selwyn lay prone upon the nursery floor, impersonating a ladrone while pleasant shivers chased themselves over Drina, whom he was stalking.

   • 1921, Edna St. Vincent Millay, “Sonnet IV”, in A Few Figs from Thistles:

     I shall forget you presently, my dear, / So make the most of this, your little day, / Your little month, your little half a year, / Ere I forget, or die, or move away,

   • 1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin 2010, p.55:

     ‘I shall presently be getting a call to tell me of that.’

3. (rarely proscribed) At present; now; currently. [from 15^thc.]
   • a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the page number)”, in Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio, editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, OCLC 801077108; republished in Albert Feuillerat, editor, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, OCLC 318419127:

     The towns and forts you presently have.

   • 1891, The Welsh Review, No.1 (November 1891). "A Word to the Welsh People." p.1:

     To all of you, therefore, who call Wales your motherland, whether you presently inhabit some other portion of the globe or breathe the air of your cloud-kissed country […].

4. (obsolete) With actual presence; in actuality. [~1600]
   • March 27 1545, Stephen Gardiner, letter to Thomas Smith and MAtthew PArker

     if they perceyve not presently, it shal be wel doon to bringe them to conformite

使用する際の注意点

• Some older usage guides, especially for UK English, object to the sense meaning "now", though most major modern dictionaries do not. In medieval and Elizabethan times "presently" meant "now" (but in the sense of "immediately" rather than "currently"). RH dates the sense of "now" back to the 15th century—noting it is "in standard use in all varieties of speech and writing in both Great Britain and the United States"—and dates the appearance of the sense of "soon" to the 16th century. Presently meaning 'now' is most often used with the present tense (The professor is presently on sabbatical leave) and presently meaning 'soon' often with the future tense (The supervisor will be back presently). M-W mentions the same vintage for the sense of "now", and that "it is not clear why it is objectionable." AHD4 states that despite its use "nowadays in literate speech and writing" that there is still " lingering prejudice against this use". In the late 1980s, only 50% of the dictionary's Usage Panel approved of the sentence General Walters is … presently the United States Ambassador to the United Nations. COD11 lists both usages without comment; CHAMBERS merely flags the sense of "now" as "N Amer, especially US".