英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 gayn, gain, gein (“profit, advantage”), from Old Norse gagn (“benefit, advantage, use”), from Proto-Germanic *gagną, *gaganą (“gain, profit", literally "return”), from Proto-Germanic *gagana (“back, against, in return”), a reduplication of Proto-Germanic *ga- (“with, together”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”).

Cognate with Icelandic gagn (“gain, advantage, use”), Swedish gagn (“benefit, profit”), Danish gavn (“gain, profit, success”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gageigan, “to gain, profit”), Old Norse gegn (“ready”), dialectal Swedish gen (“useful, noteful”), Latin cum (“with”); see gain-, again, against. Compare also 中期英語 gaynen, geinen (“to be of use, profit, avail”), Icelandic and Swedish gagna (“to avail, help”), Danish gavne (“to benefit”).

The 中期英語 word was reinforced by Middle French gain (“gain, profit, advancement, cultivation”), from Old French gaaing, gaaigne, gaigne, a noun derivative of gaaignier, gaigner (“to till, earn, win”), from Frankish *waiþanōn (“to pasture, graze, hunt for food”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *waiþiz, *waiþō, *waiþijō (“pasture, field, hunting ground”); compare Old High German weidōn, weidanōn (“to hunt, forage for food”) (Modern German Weide (“pasture”)), Old Norse veiða (“to catch, hunt”), 古期英語 wǣþan (“to hunt, chase, pursue”). Related to wide.

動詞

gain (third-person singular simple present gains, present participle gaining, simple past and past participle gained)

1. (transitive) To acquire possession of.

   Looks like you’ve gained a new friend.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 16:26:

     What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?

   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 35:

     Another answers, ‘Let him be,
     ⁠He loves to make parade of pain,
     ⁠That with his piping he may gain
     The praise that comes to constancy.’

2. (intransitive) To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress.

   The sick man gains daily.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 22:12:

     Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbours by extortion.

3. (transitive, dated) To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition.

   to gain a battle; to gain a case at law

4. (transitive) To increase.
   • 1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:

     Then they had bouts of wrestling and of cudgel play, so that every day they gained in skill and strength.

5. (intransitive, often with on) To grow more likely to catch or overtake someone.

   to gain ground

   I’m gaining (on you).

6. (transitive) To reach.

   to gain the top of a mountain

   • 1908 February 19, Jack London, The Iron Heel, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC:

     Ernest laughed harshly and savagely when he had gained the street.

7. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one’s side; to conciliate.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 18:15:

     If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother.

   • 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     to gratify the queen, and gain the court

8. (intransitive) To put on weight.

   I’ve been gaining.

   • 2020, Riley Willman, “Ana”, in Rapids Review (Anoka Ramsey Community College):

     Thinspo, bonespo, meanspo, sweetspo, anything that could motivate me not to eat, not to consume, not to gain, not to fail.

9. (dated, ambitransitive, of a timekeeping device) To run fast, often by a specified amount.

   Don't rely on that clock: it gains.

   • 1934, Ernest Bramah, The Bravo of London:

     "Don't hurry immediately after your breakfast, Geoffrey. You know that clock gains five minutes every day and it's only—" called out Miss Tilehurst, but Geoffrey was technically out of earshot then […]

Conjugation

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “to run slower than expected”): lose

派生語

名詞

gain (countable and uncountable, plural gains)

1. The act of gaining; acquisition.

   People are more willing to take a risk to avoid a loss than to make a gain.

   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:

     All running headlong after greedie ſpoiles:
     And more regarding gaine than victorie:

   • 1855, Alfred Tennyson, Maude:

     the lust of gain, in the spirit of Cain

   • 2023 June 25, Charles Hugh Smith, The Corruption of POTUS, SCOTUS and SCROTUS‎:

     When power is sought primarily for private gain, the social fabric decays and unravels.

2. The thing or things gained.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

     Everyone shall share in the gains.

3. (electronics) The factor by which a signal is multiplied.
   • 1987, John Borwick, Sound recording practice, page 238:

     There follows the high and low-frequency replay equalization, which normally involves two adjustments with a further control allowing the replay gain to be set.

反意語

• loss

派生語

語源 2

From dialectal English gen, gin, short for again, agen (“against”); also 中期英語 gain, gayn, gein, ȝæn (“against”), from 古期英語 gēan, geġn (“against”). More at against.

前置詞

gain

1. (obsolete) Against.

派生語

• foregain
• gainful

語源 3

From 中期英語 gayn, gein, geyn (“straight, direct, short, fit, good”), from Old Norse gegn (“straight, direct, short, ready, serviceable, kindly”), from gegn (“opposite, against”, adverb) (whence gagna (“to go against, meet, suit, be meet”)); see above. Adverb from 中期英語 gayn, gayne (“fitly, quickly”), from the adjective.

形容詞

gain (comparative more gain, superlative most gain)

1. (obsolete or dialectal) Straight, direct; near; short.

   the gainest way

   • 1485 July, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter XX, in William Caxton, editor, Le Morte D’Arthur‎, volume 1:

     [...] many times his horse and he plunged over the head in deep mires, for he knew not the way, but took the gainest way in that woodness, that many times he was like to perish.

2. (obsolete or dialectal) Suitable; convenient; ready.
3. (dialectal) Easy; tolerable; handy, dexterous.
4. (dialectal) Honest; respectable; moderate; cheap.

派生語

• gainand
• gainly
• gainsome
• ungain

副詞

gain (comparative more gain, superlative most gain)

1. (obsolete or dialectal) Straightly; quickly; by the nearest way or means.
2. (dialectal) Suitably; conveniently; dexterously; moderately.
3. (dialectal) Tolerably; fairly.

   gain quiet ― fairly/pretty quiet

語源 4

Compare Welsh gan (“a mortise”).

名詞

gain (plural gains)

1. (architecture) A square or bevelled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.

アナグラム

• Agin, Agni, Angi, Gina, NGIA, Nagi, Ngai, a- -ing, ag'in, agin, gina, inga

別の表記

• gayn, gein, ȝæn, ȝein, ȝean, gayne, gen, gan, gaine, geyn

発音

• IPA: /ɡæi̯n/, /ɡeːn/, /jæi̯n/, /jeːn/

前置詞

gain

1. against, next to, touching
2. (figurative) against, opposed to, counter to, opposing (usually used in religious and spiritual contexts)
3. towards, to, nearing
4. (rare) on, on top of
5. (rare) facing, pointed towards

派生した語

• English: gain (obsolete)
• Scots: gain, gin

参照

• “yẹ̄n, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 23 April 2018.

副詞

gain

1. back (to), returning (to)

参照

• “yẹ̄n, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 23 April 2018.

語源 2

形容詞

gain

1. alternative form of gayn (“direct, fast, good, helpful”)

語源 3

名詞

gain

1. alternative form of gayn (“gain, reward, advantage”)

語源 4

動詞

gain

1. alternative form of gaynen