de･fenceの英語

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /dɪˈfɛns/
• 韻: -ɛns

語源 1

From 中期英語 defens, defense, from Old French defens, defense, from Late Latin dēfēnsa (“protection”). Displaced 古期英語 bewering.

名詞

defence (countable and uncountable, plural defences) (British spelling)

1. The action of defending, of protecting from attack, danger or injury.
   • 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

     In cases of defence ’tis best to weigh
     The enemy more mighty than he seems:

2. Something used to oppose attacks.
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 12”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

     And nothing ’gainst Time’s scythe can make defence
     Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence.

   • 2021 July 28, Louise Grimmer, Gary Mortimer, Martin Grimmer, “Vaccine selfies may seem trivial, but they show people doing their civic duty — and probably encourage others too”, in The Conversation‎:

     As governments and health officials continue to flip-flop on vaccine age requirements, and anti-vaxxers spread falsehoods through social media and protests, the vaxxie might just be a powerful line of defence against vaccine hesitancy.

3. An argument in support or justification of something.
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 89”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

     Speak of my lameness, and I straight will halt,
     Against thy reasons making no defence.

   • 2016 June 11, Phil McNulty, “England 1-1 Russia”, in BBC Sport‎:

     In Hodgson's defence, it must be stated that in large parts this was a vibrant, energetic performance with the emphasis almost exclusively on attack.

4. (team sports) A strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring; contrasted with offence.
5. (team sports) The portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring; contrasted with offence.
6. Government policy or (infra)structure related to the military.

   Department of Defence

7. (obsolete) Prohibition; a prohibitory ordinance.
   • 1673, William Temple, “An Essay upon the Advancement of Trade in Ireland” in Miscellanea, London: Edw[ard] Gellibrand, 1680, p. 116,

     […] severe defences may be made against weaving any Linnen under a certain breadth, such as may be of better use to the poorest People […]

使用する際の注意点

• The noun spelling is mainly used in the UK, Australia, Canada, Ireland, and New Zealand; defense is more commonly used in the US.

同意語

• See Thesaurus:defence

反意語

• offence (Commonwealth), offense (US)

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 defencen, defensen, from Old French defenser or its etymon, Latin dēfēnsō.

動詞

defence (third-person singular simple present defences, present participle defencing, simple past and past participle defenced)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To furnish with defences; to fortify.
   • 1656, John Hales, Dixi Custodiam:

     Better manned and more strongly defenced.

参照