ibisとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈaɪ.bɪs/

名詞

ibis (複数形 ibis または ibises または ibides または ibes)

1. Any of various long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, having long downcurved bills used to probe the mud for prey such as crustaceans.
   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Loomings”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 4:

     It is out of the idolatrous dotings of the old Egyptians upon broiled ibis and roasted river horse, that you see the mummies of those creatures in their huge bake-houses the pyramids.

派生語

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈiː.bis/, [ˈiːbɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈi.bis/, [ˈiːbis]

語源 1

名詞

ībis f (genitive ībis または ībidis); third declension

1. ibis (wading bird)
   • c. 600 CE – 625 CE, Isidorus Hispalensis, Etymologiae 12.7.33:

     Ībis avis Nīlī flūminis, quae sēmetipsam pūrgat, rōstrō in ānum aquam fundēns. Haec serpentium ōva vēscitur, grātissimam ex eīs ēscam nīdīs suīs dēportāns.

     The ibis is a bird of the river Nile, which purges itself by pouring water into its anus with its beak. It devours the eggs of snakes, carrying from them to its nests the most welcome food.

使用する際の注意点

This noun can be inflected using two different stems (Greek かつ Latin). They are inconsistently used even within the same author's works; Cicero and Pliny the Elder use both the Latin declension:

1. • c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 5.78:

     Aegyptiōrum mōrem quis ignōrat? quōrum inbūtae mentēs prāvitātis errōribus quamvīs carnificīnam prius subierint quam ībim aut aspidem aut faelem aut canem aut corcodillum violent, quōrum etiamsī inprūdentēs quippiam fēcerint, poenam nūllam recūsent.

     Who doesn't know the custom of the Egyptians? whose minds accustomed to delusions of wrongness would rather undergo as much torture as you want than desecrate the ibis or the asp or the cat or the crocodile, and to whom, even if one inadvertently did something to, he would not refuse any punishment.

   • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 30.142:

     Ībium cinere cum adipe ānseris et īrinō perūnctīs—sīc conceptōs partūs continērī.

     • 1855 translation by John Bostock

       The ashes of a burnt ibis, it is said, employed as a friction with goose-grease and oil of iris, will prevent abortion when a female has once conceived.

and the Greek:

1. • 45 BCE, Cicero, De Natura Deorum 1.82:

     Etenim fāna multa spoliāta et simulācra deōrum dē locīs sānctissimīs ablāta vidēmus ā nostrīs, at vērō nē fandō quidem audītum est crocodīlum aut ībin aut faelem violātum ab Aegyptiō.

     Since we see many sanctuaries plundered and statues of gods carried away by our people from the holiest places, but it's not even heard of for a crocodile or an ibis or a cat to be disrespected by an Egyptian.

   • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 30.61:

     Īnflātiōnēs discutit cocleārum cibus, tormina liēn ovium tostus atque ē vīnō potus, palumbis ferus ex poscā dēcoctus, adips ōtidis ex vīnō, cinis ībide sine pennīs cremātā potus.

     A diet of snails dispels flatulence, roasted sheep spleen taken with wine, wild woodpigeon taken with vinegar mixed with water, otis goose fat with wine, ashes from an ibis burnt without the feathers drunk, dispel colics.

while Ovid, most notably, uses exclusively the Greek declension:

1. • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.327–331:

     'Duxque gregis' dīxit 'fit Iuppiter; unde recurvīs
     nunc quoque fōrmātus Libys est cum cornibus Ammōn.
     Dēlius in corvō, prōlēs Semelēia caprō,
     fēle soror Phoebī, niveā Sāturnia vaccā,
     pisce Venus latuit, Cyllēnius ībidis ālīs.'

     'And leader of the flock' she said 'is made Jupiter;
     whence Lybian Ammon was also formed now with curved horns.
     Delius hid as a raven, his offspring Semeleia as a billy-goat,
     the sister of Phoebus as a cat, Saturnia as a snow-white cow,
     Venus as a fish, Cyllenius as the wings of an ibis.

The accusative plural form ībidas is encountered as well:

1. • c. 45 CE, Pomponius Mela, De Situ Orbis libri III 3.82:

     Sunt multa volucrum multa serpentium genera: dē serpentibus memorandī maximē, quōs parvōs admodum et venēnī praesentis certō annī tempore ex līmō concrētārum palūdium ēmergere, in magnō exāmine volantēs Aegyptum tendere, atque in ipsō introitū fīnium ab avibus quās ibidas appellant adversō agmine excipī pugnaque cōnficī trāditum est.

Some forms, such as the nominative and genitive plural, are only attested in the Latin declension, while others, such as the genitive and ablative singular, in the Greek. The dative, ablative plural and vocative are unattested.

語形変化

Third declension noun (irregular)

Only attested forms are ībis as nominative singular, ībidis as genitive singular, ībim and ībin as accusative singular, ībide as ablative singular, ībēs as nominative plural, ībium as genitive plural and *ībidas* as accusative plural

派生した語

語源 2

Inflected form of eō (“go, proceed”).

動詞

ībis

1. second-person singular future active indicative of eō

参照

• “ibis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ibis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ibis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• “ibis”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎^[1]
• “ibis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers