sinewとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English synwe, synewe (“tendon; ligament または other connective tissue; muscle; nerve; leaf vein”), from 古期英語 sinu (“tendon, sinew; nerve”),^[1] from Proto-West Germanic *sinu, from Proto-Germanic *sinwō, *senawō (“sinew”), from Proto-Indo-European *snḗh₁wr̥ (“tendon, sinew”), from *(s)neh₁- (“to twist (threads), spin, weave”).

The word is cognate with sinnow (“sinew”), Scots senon, sinnon, Saterland Frisian Siene (“sinew”), West Frisian senuw, sine (“sinew; nerve”), Dutch zenuw (“nerve, sinew”), German Sehne (“tendon, sinew; cord”), Icelandic sin (“tendon”), Swedish sena (“sinew”), Avestan ��������������‎ (snāuuar, “tendon, sinew”), Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “tendon; nerve; cord”), Latin nervus (“tendon, sinew; nerve”), Sanskrit स्नावन् (snāván, “sinew, tendon; muscle”), Tocharian B ṣñor (“sinew”). Doublet of nerve and neuron.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈsɪnjuː/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsɪnju/
• ハイフネーション: sin‧ew

名詞

sinew (複数形 sinews)

1. (anatomy) A cord or tendon of the body.
2. A cord or string, particularly (music) as of a musical instrument.
3. (figuratively) Muscular power, muscle; nerve, nervous energy; vigor, vigorous strength.
4. (figuratively, often in the plural) That which gives strength or in which strength consists; a supporting factor or member; mainstay.
   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 72, column 2:

     [S]he loſt a noble and renowned brother, in his loue toward her, euer moſt kinde and naturall: with him the portion and ſinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry: with both, her combynate-husband, this well-ſeeming Angelo.

   • 1658, Walter Raleigh, “A Collection of Political Observations (Confirmed by Reason かつ Experience) Advertising Princes, Statesmen, and Private Persons how to Demean Themselves in All Fortunes and Events”, in The Cabinet-Council: Containing the Cheif^[sic] Arts of Empire, and Mysteries of State; […], London: Published by John Milton; printed by Tho[mas] Newcomb for Tho[mas] Johnson […], →OCLC, page 101:

     The Bodies of Men, Munition, and Mony may justly be called the ſinews of War, yet of them the two firſt are more neceſſary, for Men and Arms have means to find Mony and Meate: but Mony and Meate cannot ſo eaſily find Soldiers and ſwords.

5. (anatomy, obsolete) A nerve.

別の表記

• sinnew

等位語

• (cord または string): twine

派生語

動詞

sinew (三人称単数 現在形 sinews, 現在分詞 sinewing, 過去形および過去分詞形 sinewed)

1. (transitive) To knit together or make strong with, or as if with, sinews.
   • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], pages 157–158:

     And now to London with Triumphant march, / There to be crowned Englands Royall King: / From whence, ſhall Warwicke cut the Sea to France, / And aske the Ladie Bona for thy Queene: / So ſhalt thou ſinow both theſe Lands together, / And hauing France thy Friend, thou ſhalt not dread / The ſcattred Foe, that hopes to riſe againe: […]

   • 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], “The Same Subject Continued”, in The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume II, Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC; reprinted London: Elliot Stock, 1885, →OCLC, page 123:

     [I]t were to be wiſhed that we tried the restrictive arts of government, and made law the protector, but not the tyrant of the people. […] [W]e ſhould then find that wretches, now ſtuck up for long tortures, left luxury ſhould feel a momentary pang, might, if properly treated, ſerve to ſinew the ſtate in times of danger; […]

派生語

• unsinew

参照

Further reading

• tendon on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• Wenis, Wiens, Wines, sewin, swein, swine, we'ins, wenis, wines, wisen