tempera tureとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (non-rhotic)
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈtɛm.p(ə.)ɹə.t͡ʃə/, [ˈtʰɛm.pʰə.ɹət͡ʃə], [ˈtʰɛm.pʰɹə.t͡ʃə]
  • (General Australian) IPA: /ˈtem.p(ə.)ɹə.t͡ʃə/, [ˈtʰem.pʰə.ɹə.t͡ʃə], [ˈtʰem.pʰɹə.t͡ʃə]
• (rhotic)
  • (General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈtɛm.pɚ.(ə)ˌt͡ʃɚ/, [ˈtʰɛm.pʰɚ.əˌt͡ʃɚ] ~ [ˈtʰɛm.pʰɹ̩.əˌt͡ʃɚ]; /ˈtɛm.p(ɹ)əˌt͡ʃɚ/, [ˈtʰɛm.pʰ(ɹ)əˌt͡ʃɚ]
    • • (Southern 米国発音, African-American Vernacular, pin–pen merger) IPA: /ˈtɪm.pɚ.(ə)ˌt͡ʃɚ/, [ˈtʰɪ̟m.pʰɚ.əˌt͡ʃɚ] ~ [ˈtʰɪ̟m.pʰɹ̩.əˌt͡ʃɚ]; /ˈtɪm.p(ɹ)əˌt͡ʃɚ/, [ˈtʰɪ̟m.pʰ(ɹ)əˌt͡ʃɚ]
• ハイフネーション: tem‧pe‧ra‧ture

名詞

temperature (countable and uncountable, plural temperatures)

1. A measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:temperature

   The boiling temperature of pure water is 100 degrees Celsius.

   The temperature in the room dropped nearly 20 degrees; it went from hot to cold.

   The most accurate way to take your temperature is by sticking a thermometer up your butt.

   • 2013 May 11, “The climate of Tibet: Pole-land”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8835, archived from the original on 6 August 2020, page 80:

     Of all the transitions brought about on the Earth’s surface by temperature change, the melting of ice into water is the starkest. It is binary. And for the land beneath, the air above and the life around, it changes everything.

   • 2018 January 4, Janie Tankard Carnock, “Frigid Baltimore City schools: The racism we haven’t confronted”, in CNN‎:

     The opposite issue emerges in the summer when students face scorching temperatures with unreliable or nonexistent air conditioning.

2. An elevated body temperature, as present in many illnesses; fever.

   You have a temperature. I think you should stay home today. You’re sick.

   • 1951, Josephine Tey, The Daughter of Time:

     "Aren't you feeling so well this morning?" she asked him anxiously. "Do you think you've got a temperature?"

3. (thermodynamics) A property of macroscopic amounts of matter that serves to gauge the average intensity of the random actual motions of the individually mobile particulate constituents.
   • 2000 September, Clinton D. Stoner, “Inquiries into the Nature of Free Energy and Entropy in Respect to Biochemical Thermodynamics”, in Entropy‎, volume 2, number 3, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 106–141:

     In consequence, macroscopic amounts of matter in thermal contact with one another tend to be at the same temperature, a fact of sufficient fundamental importance to merit belated designation as the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.

4. (machine learning) A parameter that controls the degree of randomness of the output.
5. (figurative, colloquial) The general mood.
   • 2005 August 20, Seth Schiesel, “Taking the Temperature of the Creative Body”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     But it is both easier and more accurate to take the industry's true temperature at small private gatherings like a conference organized by the Ziff Davis publishing company in northern California last week.

   • 2025 September 13, Edward Luce, “A descent into mutual loathing”, in FT Weekend, London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 7:

     [Stephen] Miller's words did not seem designed to lower the temperature.

6. (obsolete) The state or condition of being tempered or moderated.
7. (now rare, archaic) The balance of humours in the body, or one's character or outlook as considered determined from this; temperament.
   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:

     Our intemperence it is that pulls so many several incurable diseases on our heads, that hastens old age, perverts our temperature, and brings upon us sudden death.

   • 1759–1767, [Laurence Sterne], The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume (please specify |volume=I to IX), London: […] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, […]:

     […] that not only the production of a rational Being was concern'd in it, but that possibly the happy foundation and temperature of his body, perhaps his genius and the very cast of his mind […]

   • 1993, James Michie, trans. Ovid, The Art of Love, Book II:

     Only a strong dose of love will cure / A woman with an angry temperature.

引用

• 2007, James Shipman, Jerry Wilson, Aaron Todd, An Introduction to Physical Science: Twelfth Edition, pages 106–108:

  Heat and temperature, although different, are intimately related. […] For example, suppose you added equal amounts of heat to equal masses of iron and aluminum. How do you think their temperatures would change? […] if the temperature of the iron increased by 100 C°, the corresponding temperature change in the aluminum would be only 48 C°.

下位語

派生語

関連する語

• temperature inversion

参考

• Customary: degrees Fahrenheit (°F), degrees Rankine (°R, measures absolute temperature)
• Metric: degrees Celsius/centigrade (°C), kelvins (K, measures absolute temperature)
• Thesaurus:temperature
• cool
• cold
• fresh
• fever
• hot
• lukewarm
• warm

参照

• temperature on Wikipedia.Wikipedia