black holeとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

In reference to celestial bodies, physicist Hong-Yee Chiu attributed the term to his colleague Robert H. Dicke, who stated around 1960–1961 that the objects were "like the Black Hole of Calcutta". The first known usage in print was by journalist Ann Ewing in 1964. Widespread popularisation of the term is generally credited to a 1967 lecture by physicist John Wheeler.^{[1] [2]}

発音

• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /blæk ˈhoʊl/
• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /blæk ˈhəʊl/

名詞

black hole (複数形 black holes)

1. A place of punitive confinement; a lockup or cell; a military guardroom. [from 18th c.]
   • 1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 282:

     ‘I will convince you that I do know [my duty] by clapping you for the remainder of the night into the black hole, young gentleman, do you see, and have no doubt but the air of that agreeable apartment will restore your senses.’

   • H. Spencer

     A discipline of unlimited autocracy, upheld by rods, and ferules, and the black hole.

2. (astronomy) A gravitationally domineering celestial body with an event horizon from which even light cannot escape; the most dense material in the universe, condensed into a singularity, usually formed by a collapsing massive star. [from 20th c.]
   • 2019, Hannah Devlin, The Guardian, 10 April:

     Astronomers have captured the first image of a black hole, heralding a revolution in our understanding of the universe’s most enigmatic objects.

3. (figurative) A void into which things disappear, or from which nothing emerges; an impenetrable area or subject; an area impervious to communication. [from 20th c.]
   • 2000 November 26, Linda Seebach, “Unwanted e-mail belongs in an Internet black hole”, RockyMountainNews.com [3]

     you'll have to love U.S. District Court Judge John Kane's decision to keep Denver-based Exactis.com out of an Internet black hole.... MAPS maintains a database of Internet addresses that it believes send or relay spam. It’s called the "Realtime Blackhole List"

   • 2004 November 16, Jenifer Hanen, “How I fell down an Internet Black Hole....”, Black Phoebe, at www.blackphoebe.com [4]

     I finished some client work and gave myself 30 minutes to fall down one of my favorite internet black holes: genealogical research. Four hours plus some later, my eyes were burning in my head

   • 2006 October 23, Tom Zeller Jr., “The Internet Black Hole That Is North Korea”, The New York Times

     Julien Pain, head of the Internet desk at Reporters Without Borders, a Paris-based group which tracks censorship around the world, put it more bluntly. “It is by far the worst Internet black hole,” he said.

   • 2019, Li Huang; James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, DOI:10.1080/01434632.2019.1596115, page 7:

     In fact, with regards to spoken language, what we were looking at was a rather large black hole in the data, and hence was born the AOT method.

4. (Internet, often attributive) A place where incoming traffic is silently discarded.

   One way of fighting spam is to use a blackhole list maintained on a blackhole server.

5. (programming) A bit bucket; a place of permanent oblivion for data.

下位語

• (celestial body): collapsar

反意語

• (celestial body): white hole

派生語

(celestial body):

関連する語

(celestial body):

• white hole
• wormhole

等位語

(celestial body):

参考

(celestial body):

• dumb hole

Further reading

• (celestial body): black hole on Wikipedia.

動詞

black hole (三人称単数 現在形 black holes, 現在分詞 black holing, 過去形および過去分詞形 black holed)

1. (transitive, Internet) To redirect (network traffic, etc.) nowhere; to discard (incoming traffic).
   • 2005, Victor Oppleman, Oliver Friedrichs, Brett Watson, Extreme exploits: advanced defenses against hardcore hacks (page 186)

     Select a nonglobally routed prefix, such as the Test-Net (RFC 3330) 192.0.2.0/24, to use as the next hop of any attacked prefix to be blackholed.

参照

動詞

black-hole

1. Alternative form of black hole

語源

black +‎ hole

名詞

blackhole (複数形 blackholes)

1. Alternative spelling of black hole, especially in the attributive.
2. (Internet) A place where traffic is silently discarded.
3. (programming) A bit bucket; a place of permanent oblivion for data.
4. (computing) DNSBL, used to block spamming IP addresses – are often called "blackhole lists"
5. (Internet) A blackhole server, a DNS server that handles reverse lookups of invalid IP ranges

   One way of fighting spam is to use a blackhole list maintained on a blackhole server.

6. (management) A resource sink.

動詞

blackhole (三人称単数 現在形 blackholes, 現在分詞 blackholing, 過去形および過去分詞形 blackholed)

1. (transitive, Internet) To redirect (network traffic, etc.) nowhere; to discard incoming traffic.
   • 2005, Victor Oppleman, Oliver Friedrichs, Brett Watson, Extreme exploits: advanced defenses against hardcore hacks (page 186)

     Select a nonglobally routed prefix, such as the Test-Net (RFC 3330) 192.0.2.0/24, to use as the next hop of any attacked prefix to be blackholed.