英和和英

語源 1

Back-formation from Watergate, an American political scandal from 1972–1974 which led to resignation of president Richard Nixon. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the suffix first appeared in a 1973 article in the National Lampoon magazine which referenced a rumoured "Volgagate". The suffix was promoted by New York Times columnist William Safire, who coined several -gate words beginning in 1974.

接尾辞

-gate (proper noun-forming suffix)

1. Combined with a relevant place, person, activity, etc. to form the names of scandals.
   • 2014 January 15, Alex Seitz-Wald, “How to Name a Scandal: What is a '- Gate' and What Is a '-Ghazi'?”, in James Bennet, editor, The Atlantic‎, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2 April 2021:

     "-Ghazi" also shares convenient linguistic parallels with "-gate." They're both scandals that typify their category; they're both location names; they both start with the letter "g"; and they are both short enough to be used in headlines and attached to nouns identifying the scandal.

   • 2022 March 30, Tatum Hunter, “How to leave a bad online review without being a jerk”, in The Washington Post‎, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 30 March 2022:

     Back in college, [Maddi] Filliater said she tweeted at a local sandwich shop about some alleged brown lettuce, and the business responded angrily: Why didn't she bring up the problem in person instead of attacking them on the Internet? Her friends refer to the incident as "LettuceGate."

派生語

派生した語

• → Chinese: 門 / 门 (mén) (semantic loan)
• → French: -gate
• → German: -gate
• → Korean: 게이트 (geiteu)

名詞

-gate (plural -gates)

1. (informal) A scandal.
   • 2014 January 15, Alex Seitz-Wald, “How to Name a Scandal: What is a '- Gate' and What Is a '-Ghazi'?”, in James Bennet, editor, The Atlantic‎, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2 April 2021:

     The George Washington Bridge lane closings started as a "-ghazi" and then became a "-gate." […] The Obama era is chock full of "-ghazis"—Solyndraghazi, ObamaPhoneghazi, NewBlackPanthersghazi, Umbrellaghazi, and of course Benghazi—but few "-gates" (Snowdengate and Websitegate, come to mind).

参考

• -ghazi

語源 2

From 古期英語 geat.

接尾辞

-gate (proper noun-forming suffix)

1. Used to form place names.

参照

Further reading

• “-gate”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “-gate”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• “-gate”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

アナグラム

• EGTA, ETag, Geat, e-tag, geat, geta

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /ˈɡeɪ̯t/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈɡæɪ̯t/, [ˈɡæ̝ɪ̯t]
• (Scotland) IPA: /ɡet/
• (Wales, without the pane–pain merger) IPA: /ɡeːt/
• 韻: -eɪt
• ハイフネーション: gate
• Homophone: gait (pane–pain merger)

語源 1

From 中期英語 gate (the forms ȝate and ȝeat yielded the dialectal doublet yate), from the plural of 古期英語 ġeat (specifically gatu), from Proto-West Germanic *gat, from Proto-Germanic *gatą (“hole, opening”).

See also Old Norse gat, Swedish and Dutch gat, Low German Gaat, Gööt.

別の表記

• yate (dialectal)

名詞

gate (plural gates)

1. A doorlike structure outside a house.
2. A doorway, opening, or passage in a fence or wall.

   Synonyms: doorway, entrance, passage

   • 1870 June [1870 April], “The Peking Gazettes”, in Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal‎, volume 3, number 1, Foochow: American Presbyterian Mission Press, →OCLC, page 12, column 1:

     At 7, he made his exit through the Ch‘ien-ch‘ing and the Lung-tsung gates, and thence, through the Yung-Hang Gate he entered the Tz‘u-ning Palace.

3. A movable barrier.

   The gate in front of the railroad crossing went up after the train had passed.

4. A passageway (as in an air terminal) where passengers can embark or disembark.
5. A location which serves as a conduit for transport, migration, or trade.
   • 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 246:

     Lyons and Fisher's stations, who have spared nothing to ensure a success on this point, there is every reason to believe that the Northern Territory will soon be able to make a proper use of her geographical position, and become the gate of the East for all the Australian colonies.

6. The amount of money made by selling tickets to a concert or a sports event.
7. (computing) A logical pathway made up of switches which turn on or off. Examples are and, or, nand, etc.

   Synonym: logic gate

8. (electronics) The controlling terminal of a field effect transistor (FET).
9. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into.
10. (metalworking) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mould; the ingate; tedge.
11. The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece. Also written geat and git.
12. (cricket) The gap between a batsman's bat and pad.

    Singh was bowled through the gate, a very disappointing way for a world-class batsman to get out.

13. (cinematography) A mechanism, in a film camera and projector, that holds each frame momentarily stationary behind the aperture.
    • 2023 March 16, John Boorman, “Today’s ‘films’ are nothing of the sort – so stop calling them that”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:

      After all, not using film has advantages other than cost: the curse of getting a hair in the gate (the rectangular opening at the front of a camera) is gone; the problem of getting dirt on the film swept away.

14. (flow cytometry) A line that separates particle type-clusters on two-dimensional dot plots.
15. A tally mark consisting of four vertical bars crossed by a diagonal, representing a count of five.
16. An individual theme park as part of a larger resort complex with multiple parks.
    • 1993 05, Rich Mannino, “The World According to Disney”, in Orange Coast Magazine, page 83:

      It would encompass more than 500 acres and include a new theme park, several hotels, two mammoth parking garages with direct access from the freeway and a "third gate" — land set aside for future expansion.

    • 2006 August 1, Shaun Finnie, The Disneylands That Never Were, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 168:

      Disneyland opened its second gate – Disney's California Adventure. It was located exactly where Westcot would have been, directly across a central plaza from the Disneyland main gate.

    • 2008 December 9, James B. Stewart, Disneywar: The Battle for the Magic Kingdom, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

      At Disneyland Paris, the much-delayed “second gate,” a Walt Disney Studios theme park, opened on March 16.

    • 2018 April 16, John Reynolds, Cambridge IGCSE First Language English 4th edition, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

      For its part, Universal is also continuing to grow domestically, with its new second gate in Orlando – Volcano Bay – opening around the same time as Pandora.

17. (slang) A place where drugs are illegally sold.
    • 1996 April 24, “Connecticut: Task Force Successful In Curbing Street Gangs”, in Organized Crime Digest, volume 17, number 9, Annandale, V.A.: Washington Crime News Service, →OCLC, page 2, column 2:

      The gangs were fighting for control of "drug gates," control points for the sale of crack cocaine, heroin and marijuana.

    • 1996 June, Tupac Shakur, quotee, “Inside the Mind of Shakur”, in Tupac Shakur, New York, N.Y.: Three Rivers Press, published 1998, →ISBN, page 101:

      I put more guns in East Coast niggas' hands than East Coast niggas did when they came out here. I put them niggas on to more weed gates and weed spots and safe havens and safe spots than the East Coast did.

    • 2007, Paul Christopher Johnson, Diaspora Conversions: Black Carib Religion and the Recovery of Africa, Berkeley, C.A. […]: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 56:

      The spatial mapping of Jamaica onto U.S. cities entails the erection of dance halls, reggae clubs, smoking yards or "weed gates," select storefront vendors of Rasta apparel, ritual paraphernalia, and ital ("natural" and approved) foods (Hepner 1998: 206).

    • 2018, U-God [Lamont Hawkins], Raw: My Journey Into The Wu-Tang, New York, N.Y.: Picador, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 69:

      The very first dread I worked with, Dusty, had his gate at 55 Bowen.

    • 2018, Robert Ricks, Fast Furious & Fatherless: An Urban Tale, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu Publishing Services, →ISBN, page 244:

      There's not a gate in the West Side area that lasts longer than a month other than the ones I service. Gates go up and come down just as fast.

18. (dated, jive talk) A man; a male person.

    Synonyms: cat, dude, guy; see also Thesaurus:man

    • 1939, Cab Calloway, Frank Froeba, Jack Palmer, “Jumpin' Jive”:

      Whatcha gonna say there, gate?

    • 1940, Louis Jordan, “June Teenth Jamboree”, performed by Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five:

      He said, "Come on, gates, and jump with me / At the June Teenth Jamboree."

    • 1944 December 8, “Broadway Jam Session”, in The Tampa Times:

      Louie wants you to get in there and lay yo' racket on that writin' machine so all the fine dinners and gates up in the land o' darkness will be hep and truck on down to this frolic pad 'cause the joint's really gonna be jumpin' and everythin' will be fine as wine like watermelon on the vine.

19. (mining) A tunnel serving the coal face.

    Hyponyms: maingate, tailgate

派生語

動詞

gate (third-person singular simple present gates, present participle gating, simple past and past participle gated)

1. (transitive) To keep something inside by means of a closed gate.
2. (transitive, Oxbridge slang, dated or historical) To punish (a student) by not allowing to leave the college grounds.

   Synonym: ground

   • 1935, Dorothy L. Sayers, Gaudy Night:

     You climbed the wall, for which you ought to be gated; and finally, you came in blotto, for which you ought to be sent down.

   • 1971, E. M. Forster, chapter 13, in Maurice‎, Penguin, published 1972, page 72:

     “I’ve missed two lectures already,” remarked Maurice, who was breakfasting in his pyjamas.
     “Cut them all — he’ll only gate you.”

   • 2010, Thomas J. Schaeper, Kathleen Schaeper, “Yanks and Brits”, in Rhodes Scholars, Oxford, and the Creation of an American Elite, New York, NY: Berghahn Books, →ISBN, page 52:

     Dons could ring the front bell and be admitted after that hour. But students who returned after midnight or who stayed out all night were fined heavily or “gated” – that is, forbidden to leave college for several days.

3. (transitive, biochemistry) To open (a closed ion channel).
4. (transitive) To furnish with a gate.
5. (transitive) To turn (an image intensifier) on and off selectively, as needed or to avoid damage from excessive light exposure. See autogating.
6. (transitive) To selectively regulate or restrict (access to something).
   • 2024 September 28, HarryBlank, “Not Ready for Prime Time”, in SCP Foundation‎, archived from the original on 2 October 2024:

     Lillian walked the halls wearing a shirt plastered with what she assured everyone was a memetic stun agent; it looked just like the kill agent gating access to the SCP-001 database file, but as she patiently explained to McInnis, in art, context is everything.

派生語

• gate off
• gater

語源 2

Borrowed from Old Norse gata, from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ. Cognate with Danish gade, Swedish gata, German Gasse (“lane”). Doublet of gait.

名詞

gate (plural gates)

1. (now Scotland, Northern England) A way, path.
   • 1818 July 25, Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, […] (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC:

     I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate.

   • 1828, James Hogg, Mary Burnet:

     "Stand out o' my gate, wife, for, d'ye see, I am rather in a haste, Jean Linton."

2. (obsolete) A journey.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     […] nought regarding, they kept on their gate, / And all her vaine allurements did forsake […]

3. (Scotland, Northern England) A street; now used especially as a combining form to make the name of a street e.g. "Briggate" (a common street name in the north of England meaning "Bridge Street") or Kirkgate meaning "Church Street".
4. (British, Scotland, dialect, archaic) Manner; gait.

参照

アナグラム

• EGTA, ETag, Geat, e-tag, geat, geta

名詞

gāte

1. genitive singular of gāt

別の表記

• gat, yeate, yate, ȝat, ȝæt, ȝeat, ȝate, ȝet, ȝhat, ȝhate
• cate (hapax, in place name)

発音

• IPA: /ɡaːt/, /ɡat/, /jɛt/, /jɛːt/, /jat/, /jaːt/

名詞

gate (plural gates or gaten or gate)

1. An entryway or entrance to a settlement or building; a gateway.
2. A gate (door barring an entrance or gap in a fence)
   • a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “2 Paralipomenon 6:28”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

     If hungur riſiþ in þe lond and peſtilence and ruſt and wynd diſtriynge cornes and a locuste and bꝛuke comeþ and if enemyes biſegen þe ȝatis of þe citee aftir þat þe cuntreis ben diſtried and al veniaunce and ſikenesse oppꝛeſſiþ […]

     If hunger rises in the land, and pestilence, rust, wind, destroying grain, and locusts and their young come, and if enemies besiege a city's gates after the city's surrounds are ruined, and when any destruction and disease oppresses (people) […]

3. (figurative) A method or way of doing something or getting somewhere.
4. (figurative) Any kind of entrance or entryway; e.g. a crossing through mountains.

派生語

• flodegate
• Newgate

派生した語

• English: gate, yate
• Scots: yett, yet, ȝett, ȝet
• Yola: gaaute, gaat, yeat
• → Middle Irish: *geta
  • Irish: geata
  • Manx: giat
  • Scottish Gaelic: geata
• → Welsh: gât, giât, iet, iet, gât, giât

参照

• “gāte, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 June 2018.

語源 2

From Old Norse gata, from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ.

別の表記

• gat, gatt, gatte, gait

発音

• IPA: /ˈɡaːt(ə)/, /ˈɡat(ə)/

名詞

gate (plural gates)

1. A way, path or avenue; a trail or route.
2. A voyage, adventure or leaving; one's course on the road.
3. The way which one acts; one's mode of behaviour:
   1. A way or procedure for doing something; a method.
   2. A moral or religious path; the course of one's life.
   3. (Late Middle English) One's lifestyle or demeanour; the way one chooses to act.
   4. (Late Middle English) Gait; the way one walks.

派生した語

• English: gate, gait
• Scots: gate

参照

• “gā̆te, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 June 2018.