英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 particuler, from Anglo-Norman particuler, Middle French particuler, particulier, from Late Latin particularis (“partial; separate, individual”), from Latin particula (“(small) part”). Equivalent to particle +‎ -ar. Compare particle.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lə/
• (non-rhotic) IPA: /pəˈtɪk.jə.lə/
• (rhotic) IPA: /pɚˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/
• (米国発音) IPA: /pɑrˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/
• (米国発音, Canada, rhotic, r-dissimilation) IPA: /pəˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/
• (Indic) IPA: /pə(r).ʈɪ.kʊ.lər/, [pɜ(ː)(r).ʈɪ.k(j)ʊ.lɜ(r)]
• ハイフネーション: par‧tic‧u‧lar
• 韻: -ɪkjʊlə(ɹ)

形容詞

particular (comparative more particular, superlative most particular) (also non-comparable)

1. (obsolete) Pertaining only to a part of something; partial.
2. Specific; discrete; concrete.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:specific

   Antonym: general

   I couldn't find the particular model you asked for, but I hope this one will do.

   We knew it was named after John Smith, but nobody knows which particular John Smith.

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:

     I could a tale unfold whose lightest word / Would harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood, / Make thy two eyes, like stars, start from their spheres, / Thy knotted and combined locks to part / And each particular hair to stand on end

3. Specialised; characteristic of a specific person or thing.

   Synonyms: optimized, specialistic

   I don't appreciate your particular brand of cynicism.

   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Gardens”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the earth

4. (obsolete) Known only to an individual person or group; confidential.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

     or these domesticke and particular broiles, Are not the question heere.

5. Distinguished in some way; special (often in negative constructions).

   My five favorite places are, in no particular order, New York, Chicago, Paris, San Francisco and London.

   I didn't have any particular interest in the book.

   He brought no particular news.

   She was the particular belle of the party.

6. (comparable) Of a person, concerned with, or attentive to, details; fastidious.

   Synonyms: minute, precise, fastidious; see also Thesaurus:fastidious

   He is very particular about his food and if it isn't cooked to perfection he will send it back.

   These women are more particular about their appearance.

   • 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed‎:

     There is a scraper as well as a mat, and Mrs. Challenger is most particular.

7. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:meticulous

   a full and particular account of an accident

8. (law) Containing a part only; limited.

   a particular estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder

9. (law) Holding a particular estate.
   • 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

     a particular tenant

10. (logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject.

    a particular proposition, opposed to "universal", e.g. (particular affirmative) "Some men are wise"; (particular negative) "Some men are not wise".

派生語

Further reading

• “particular”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

名詞

particular (plural particulars)

1. A small individual part of something larger; a detail, a point. [from 15th c.]
   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “Several Contrivances of the Author to Please the King and Queen. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page 259:

     I did not omit even our Sports and Paſtimes, or any other Particular which I thought might redound to the Honour of my Country.

2. (obsolete) A person's own individual case. [16th–19th c.]
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 16, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     Since philosophy could never find any way for tranquillity that might be generally good, let every man in his particular seeke for it.

   • 1658, Henry Hammond, Whole Duty of Man:

     temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public […] or such as concern our particular

3. (now philosophy, chiefly in plural) A particular case; an individual thing as opposed to a whole class. (Opposed to generals, universals.) [from 17th c.]
   • 1912, Bertrand Russel, The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter 9:

     When we examine common words, we find that, broadly speaking, proper names stand for particulars, while other substantives, adjectives, prepositions, and verbs stand for universals.

派生語

関連する語

• universal
• for one's particular