gudgeonとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

A common gudgeon (Gobio gobio; etymology 1, sense 1).

A drawing of a spinycheek sleeper (Eleotris pisonis), often called a gudgeon (etymology 1, sense 2).

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʌdʒən/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/, /ˈɡʌjən/
• 韻: -ʌdʒən
• ハイフネーション: gud‧geon

語源 1

The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms],^[1] from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”),^[2] from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.

The verb is derived from the noun.^[3]

名詞

gudgeon (複数形 gudgeons)

1. A small freshwater fish, Gobio gobio, that is native to Eurasia.

   Synonyms: goby, (Britain, dialectal) wapper

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     [...] Ile tell thee more of this another time. / But fiſh not with this melancholy baite, / For this foole gudgin, this opinion: [...]

   • 1663, [Samuel Butler], “The Second Part of Hudibras”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, canto III, page 175:

     [...] Make Fools believe in their fore-seeing / Of things before they are in Being; / To swallow Gudgeons ere th' are catch'd, / And count their Chickens ere th' are hatch'd, [...]

   • 1676, Izaak Walton, “[The Compleat Angler or The Contemplative Man’s Recreation: Part I […].] Observations of the Gudgeon, the Ruffe, and the Bleak, and How to Fish for Them.”, in Richard Le Gallienne, editor, The Compleat Angler, 5th edition, London; New York, N.Y.: John Lane, The Bodley Head, published 1897, →OCLC, page 199, page 199:

     The Gudgeon is reputed a fish of excellent taste, and to be very wholesome: he is of a fine shape, of a silver colour, and beautified with black spots both on his body and tail.

   • 1912, Fyodor Dostoevsky, “Why is such a Man Alive?”, in Constance Garnett, transl., The Brothers Karamazov […], London: William Heinemann, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1922, part I, book II (An Unfortunate Gathering), page 73:

     You save your souls here, eating cabbage, and think you are the righteous. You eat a gudgeon a day, and you think you bribe God with gudgeon.

2. (Canada) Cottus bairdii, more widely known as mottled sculpin.
3. (Australia) Any of various similar small fish of the family Eleotridae, often used as bait.

   Synonym: sleeper goby

   • 2012 October 5, Nicola Gage, “Murray Showing Signs of Recovery”, in ABC News‎^[1], Sydney, N.S.W., archived from the original on 1 November 2019:

     The southern purple-spotted gudgeon [Mogurnda adspersa] can be hard to find. Although colourful, they are thin and only grow up to 12 centimetres.

4. Other fish, similar in appearance, principally in families Butidae and Eleotridae, but also in others.
5. (figurative, archaic) A person apt to take the bait; one easily cheated or duped; also, an idiot.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dupe, Thesaurus:idiot

   • 1713, Jonathan Swift, “Horace, Epistle VII. Book I. Imitated and Addressed to the Earl of Oxford, in the Year 1713”, in Miscellanies. The Last Volume, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], published 1733, →OCLC, lines 73–80, page 149:

     The Doctor now obeys the Summons, / Likes both his Company, and Commons; / Diſplays his Talent, ſits till Ten; / Next Day invited, comes again; / Soon grows Domeſtick, ſeldom fails, / Either at Morning, or at Meals; / Came early, and departed late: / In ſhort, the Gudgeon took the Bait.

   • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

     "Is it not also known that you two innocents were doing the Churches week by week? Was it not patent that sooner or later you would come to a Spiritualist gathering? Here was a chance for a convert! They set a bait and poor old gudgeon Malone came along and swallowed it."

   • 2004, Robert Jordan, “Making Use of Invisibility”, in New Spring, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, Tom Doherty Associates, →ISBN, page 298:

     "Don't be a gudgeon," she grumbled, tugging at the dress much more fiercely than was necessary. "If this works as you say it will, nobody will notice me."

6. (figurative, archaic) Something used to lure or tempt; bait, a lure.

派生語

動詞

gudgeon (三人称単数 現在形 gudgeons, 現在分詞 gudgeoning, 過去形および過去分詞形 gudgeoned)

1. (transitive, archaic) To deprive (someone) fraudulently; to cheat, to dupe.
   • 1826, [Walter Scott], chapter IV, in Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 106:

     I have seen when you were willing to tie his points or brush his cloak, or the like—and to be treated thus ungratefully—and gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you—

2. (intransitive, archaic) To take the bait; to be defrauded or duped.

語源 2

An illustration of a pintle and a gudgeon (etymology 2, sense 1) which fits into it to form a pivoting joint.

A rudder system of a boat making use of pintles (blue, number 2) and gudgeons (etymology 2, sense 1.1; green, number 3).

From Middle English gojoun (“metal fitting with a ring at one end”) [and other forms],^[4] from Old French goujon (“dowel; pin”) [and other forms], from gouge (“gouge (tool)”)^[5] + -on (suffix forming diminutives). Gouge is derived from Late Latin gulbia, gubia (“chisel”), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”).

名詞

gudgeon (複数形 gudgeons)

1. (also attributively) A circular or cylindrical fitting, often made of metal, into which a pin or pintle fits to create a hinge or pivoting joint.
   • 1719 April 25​, [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], 3rd edition, London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], published 1719, →OCLC, pages 85–86:

     [A]s to a Wheel-barrow, I fancy'd I could make all but the Wheel; but that I had no Notion of, neither did I know how to go about it; beſides, I had no possible way to make the Iron Gudgeons for the Spindle or Axis of the Wheel to run in, ſo I gave it over; [...]

2. (nautical, specifically) In a vessel with a stern-mounted rudder: the fitting into which the pintle of the rudder fits, allowing the rudder to swing freely.

   Synonym: brace

   • 1792, William Bligh, chapter VII, in A Voyage to the South Sea, […] in His Majesty’s Ship The Bounty, […], London: […] George Nicol, […], →OCLC, page 83:

     This afternoon the gudgeon of the rudder belonging to the large cutter, was drawn out and ſtolen, without being perceived by the man that was ſtationed to take care of her.

別の表記

• (航海): goodgeon (廃れた用法)

派生語

• gudgeon pin

参照

Further reading

• gudgeon on Wikipedia.
• gudgeon (fish) on Wikipedia.