mar - eとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 mare, meare, meir, mer, mere, meyre, mure, from 古期英語 mīere (“female horse, mare”), from Proto-West Germanic *marhijā, from Proto-Germanic *marhijō (“female horse”), from *marhaz (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *márkos (“horse”).

別の表記

• meare (obsolete)

名詞

mare (plural mares)

1. An adult female horse.

   Antonyms: stallion, stud, gelding

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶ […] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook, and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge, […].

2. (UK, Ireland, derogatory, slang) A foolish woman.
   • 2007, Hester Browne, Little Lady, Big Apple:

     The silly mare phoned your mother, talking about applying for a mortgage, and we don't want that, do we?

等位語

派生語

語源 2

Inherited from 中期英語 mare, from 古期英語 mare (“nightmare, monster”), from Proto-West Germanic *marā, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“feminine evil spirit”). Doublet of mara.

発音

• (British) IPA: /mɛə/
• (米国発音) IPA: /mɛɚ/
• 韻: -ɛə(ɹ)
• Homophone: mayor (in a number of dialects)

名詞

mare (plural mares)

1. (obsolete or historical) A type of evil spirit formerly thought to sit on the chest of a sleeping person; also, the feeling of suffocation felt during sleep, attributed to such a spirit.
2. (UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, colloquial) A nightmare; a frustrating or terrible experience.

   I'm having a complete mare today.

派生語

• daymare
• nightmare

語源 3

Borrowed from Latin mare (“sea”). Doublet of maar and mere (“a body of standing water”).

発音

• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈmɑɹ.eɪ/, /ˈmɛɚ.i/, /ˈmɑɹ.i/
• 韻: -ɑɹi

名詞

mare (plural maria)

1. (planetology) A large, dark plain, which may have the appearance of a sea, such as those on the Moon.
2. (planetology) On Saturn's moon Titan, any of several lakes which are large expanses of what is thought to be liquid hydrocarbons.

   Kraken Mare (a lake of liquid hydrocarbons on Titan which is slightly larger than the Caspian Sea)

語源 4

See mayor.

名詞

mare (plural mares)

1. Obsolete form of mayor.
2. Obsolete form of mair.

アナグラム

• mera, Amer., rame, mear, Erma, Maer, Mera, Ream, amer., Arem, arme, ramé, ream

発音

• IPA: /ˈmɑ.re/

名詞

mare f (nominative plural maran)

1. mare (evil spirit thought to torment people in their sleep)

語形変化

Weak n-stem:

派生語

• *nihtmare

派生した語

• Middle English: mare, mere
  • English: mare
  • Middle Scots: mare, mair, maire
    • Scots: mare
    • Shetland: mare
  • → Anglo-Norman: mare

別の表記

• meare (AB language); mure (Early Middle English, Southern)
• meir, mer, meyre (Northern, Northeast Midland)

発音

• IPA: /ˈmaːr(ə)/ (from mear-, oblique stem of mearh)
• IPA: /ˈmɛ̞ːr(ə)/ (from mere)
• IPA: /ˈmyr(ə)/ (Southern, from miere)

名詞

mare (plural mares)

1. A horse (member of the species Equus ferus)
2. A mare (female horse or other equine)
3. (derogatory, rare) A woman or effeminate man.

派生した語

• English: mare
• Middle Scots: meir
  • Scots: meir, meer, mere, mear

参照

• “mēre, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “mare, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
• Goering, Nelson (30 July 2025), “A sound change that never was: h-loss and vowel lengthening in Old English”, in English Language & Linguistics, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 1-21.
• Zettersten, Arne (1965), “meare (sb.)”, in Studies in the dialect and vocabulary of the Ancrene Riwle (Lund Studies in English; 34)‎, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup, →OCLC, page 57.

語源 2

Inherited from 古期英語 mare (“nightmare, monster”), from Proto-West Germanic *marā, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“feminine evil spirit”).

The form mere is either by analogy with mere, variant of mare (“horse, mare”) or by confusion with mere.

別の表記

• mere

発音

• IPA: /ˈmaːr(ə)/

名詞

mare (plural mares)

1. An evil spirit believed to be active during the night.

   Synonym: nyghtmare (non-Northern)

派生した語

• English: mare
• Middle Scots: mare, mair, maire
  • Scots: mare
  • Shetland: mare
• → Anglo-Norman: mare

参照

• “māre, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “mare, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

語源 3

動詞

mare

1. (Lancashire) alternative form of merren

語源 1

From Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

名詞

mare n (genitive maris); third declension

1. sea
   • c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Bellum Punicum, (fragment in Priscian, Institutiones Grammaticae, 7, De genetivo plurali tertiae declinationis):

     Neptunum regnatorem marum

     Neptune, ruler of the seas

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.1:

     [facit...] ad onera ac multitudinem iumentorum transportandam paulo latiores quam quibus in reliquis utimur maribus.

     In order to transport cargo and beasts of burden, he [Julius Caesar] had them made a little wider than the ones we use in other seas.

   • 13th c., Roger Bacon, Secretum Secretorum 2.29 (De preparacione carnum viperarum sive serpentum et draconum):

     Et oportet ut alienentur cornute et varie et aspides declines ad albedinem. Et non capiantur ex piscinis vel litoribus fluviorum et aquarum vel marium, vel de petrosis, quoniam in eis sunt quercine, facientes sitim, immo capiantur in loco longinquo ab humorositate.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1921, Joseph Pope, George Monro Grant, Canada's official motto:

     a marī usque ad mare

     from sea to sea

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, pure i-stem).

• The genitive plural form marium, although regularly formed for an i-stem noun, is not attested in the corpus of classical texts. Marum is found only once, in a line from Gnaeus Naevius.
• The 5th/6th-century grammarian Priscian (Institutiones 7) says it is rarely used in the genitive plural, noting Caesar's use of maribus too. Similarly, the 4th-century grammarian Charisius claims it lacks both a genitive plural *marium and a *maribus form (but see the quotation from Julius Caesar above):

  "maria" tamen quamvis dicantur pluraliter, attamen nec "marium" nec "maribus" dicemus
  — although maria can be said in the plural, nevertheless we won't say marium nor maribus (Ars 1.11).

同意語

• pontus

下位語

派生語

派生した語

語源 2

名詞

mare

1. ablative singular of mās

形容詞

mare

1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of mās

参照

Further reading

• mare in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• mare in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

アナグラム

• mera