windmillとは

語源

From Middle English windmille, windmelle, windmulle, windmilne, wyndemylne, from 古期英語 windmylen, equivalent to wind +‎ mill. Cognate with Scots wyndmyln, wyndmyl (“windmill”), Saterland Frisian Wiendmäälne (“windmill”), West Frisian wynmûne (“windmill”), Dutch windmolen (“windmill”), Dutch Low Saxon windmölle (Achterhooks), wiendmeule (“windmill”) (Drents, Veluws), German Windmühle (“windmill”), Danish vindmølle (“windmill”), Swedish vindmölla (“windmill”), Icelandic vindmylla (“windmill”).

発音

• (英国発音, 米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈwɪnd.mɪl/

名詞

windmill (複数形 windmills)

1. A machine which translates linear motion of wind to rotational motion by means of adjustable vanes called sails.
   • 2013 July-August, Lee S. Langston, “The Adaptable Gas Turbine”, in American Scientist:

     Turbines have been around for a long time—windmills and water wheels are early examples. The name comes from the Latin turbo, meaning vortex, and thus the defining property of a turbine is that a fluid or gas turns the blades of a rotor, which is attached to a shaft that can perform useful work.

2. The structure containing such machinery.
3. A child's toy consisting of vanes mounted on a stick that rotate when blown by a person or by the wind.
4. (basketball) A dunk where the dunker swings his arm in a circular motion before throwing the ball through the hoop.
5. A guitar move where the strumming hand mimics a turning windmill.
6. A breakdancing move in which the dancer rolls his/her torso continuously in a circular path on the floor, across the upper chest, shoulders and back, while twirling the legs in a V shape in the air.
7. (juggling) The false shower.
8. (figuratively) An imaginary enemy, but presented as real.

同意語

• (child's toy): pinwheel
• (imaginary enemy): straw man

上位語

• (machinery): machine
• (child's toy): toy

派生語

• tilt at windmills

動詞

windmill (三人称単数 現在形 windmills, 現在分詞 windmilling, 過去形および過去分詞形 windmilled)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To rotate with a sweeping motion.

   She ran down the hill, windmilling her arms with glee.

   • 1969, Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse-Five, New York: Dial, 2005, Chapter 2, p. 59,^[1]

     The main thing now was to find the steering wheel. At first, Billy windmilled his arms, hoping to find it by luck.

   • 1999, Jon Sharpe, Texas Hellion

     True to her word, her hips windmilled in a frenzy.

   • 2005, Gideon Defoe, The Pirates!: in an adventure with Ahab, page 140

     As the Pirate Captain strained at the ham, the whale began to spasm and buck about in the water. Its tail thrashed wildly up and down. Its flippers windmilled in the air uselessly.

2. (intransitive) Of a rotating part of a machine, to (become disengaged and) rotate freely.

   The axle broke and the wheel windmilled in place briefly before careening through the wall.

   • 2000, Walter J. Boyne, Philip Handleman, Brassey's Air Combat Reader, page 18

     When he went to switch on his rotary engine again, the Le Rhone refused to pick up. Nothing happened! The propeller simply windmilled in the slip stream. Garros knew immediately what was wrong and cursed himself for his imbecility.

   • 2004, Deborah Bedford, If I Had You

     The propeller windmilled in front of them. Creede tried to start the engine. It growled like something angry, died away. "We're ... gonna have to ... ride this thing ... to the ground."

   • 2006, James R. Hansen, First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong, page 134

     […] the propeller blade on number-four engine windmilled in the air stream. "I wasn't too concerned about it, really," recalls Butchart. "B-29 engines are not all that dependable."

引用

• 1978, Peter Hathaway Capstick, Death in the long grass, page 97:

  The engine windmilled in the afternoon heat for a few seconds, then gargled to a reluctant death.

関連する語

• mill
• molinology

参考

• windpump
• wind turbine