shyとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ʃaɪ/
• 韻: -aɪ
• Homophone: Chi

形容詞

shy (comparative shier または shyer または more shy, superlative shiest または shyest または most shy)

"The shy girl" (Die Schüchterne), painting by Hermann von Kaulbach (1846–1909)

1. Easily frightened; timid.
   • 1726, Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels

     The horses of the army, and those of the royal stables, having been daily led before me, were no longer shy, but would come up to my very feet without starting.

2. Reserved; disinclined to familiar approach.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shy

   Antonyms: audacious, bold, brazen, gregarious, outgoing

   He is very shy with strangers.

   • 1712, John Arbuthnot, The History of John Bull:

     What makes you so shy, my good friend? There's nobody loves you better than I.

   • 2015 October 30, The Graham Norton Show, Season 18, Episode 6:

     Graham Norton: But the people coming up to you now, like the Americans, well, you know, the Americans, they're not shy, the Americans.
     Maggie Smith: No. Well, no but I don't go anywhere where really they can get at me. It's usually in museums and art galleries and things, so that limits things. I keep away from there, and Harrod's I don't go near.

3. Cautious; wary; suspicious.
   • 1662, Samuel Butler, Hudibras, Part I, Canto 1, lines 45-48:

     We grant, although he had much wit,

     H' was very shy of using it;

     As being loth to wear it out,

     And therefore bore it not about,

   • 1641, Henry Wotton, The Characters of Robert Devereux and George Villiers

     Princes are, by wisdom of state, somewhat shy of their successors.

   • 1661, Robert Boyle, Some Considerations Touching Experimental Essays in General

     I am very shy of building any thing of moment upon foundations

4. (informal) Short, insufficient or less than.

   By our count your shipment came up two shy of the bill of lading amount.

   It is just shy of a mile from here to their house.

   • 2013, Terence Winter, The Wolf of Wall Street, spoken by Jordan Belfort (Leonardo DiCaprio):

     The year I turned 26, as the head of my own brokerage firm, I made $49 million, which really pissed me off because it was three shy of a million a week.

   • 2018 December 1, Tom Rostance, “Southampton 2 - 2 Manchester United”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     United move seventh - still six points off a Champions League place and a massive 16 shy of the lead held by rivals Manchester City.

5. Embarrassed.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

使用する際の注意点

• Often used in combination with a noun to produce an adjective or adjectival phrase.
• Adjectives are usually applicable to animals (leash-shy "shy of leashes" or head shy "shy of contact around the head" (of horses)) or to children.

派生語

• shy bairns get nowt, shy bairns get noot

参考

• bashful
• reserved
• timid
• demure
• coy

動詞

shy (三人称単数 現在形 shies, 現在分詞 shying, 過去形および過去分詞形 shied)

1. (intransitive) To avoid due to caution, embarrassment or timidness.

   I shy away from investment opportunities I don't understand.

2. (intransitive) To jump back in fear.

   The horse shied away from the rider, which startled him so much he shied away from the horse.

3. (transitive) To throw sideways with a jerk; to fling.

   to shy a stone

   shy a slipper

   • 1857, [Thomas Hughes], “How the Tide Turned”, in Tom Brown’s School Days. […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan & Co., OCLC 1154918083, part II, page 248:

     Then two or three boys laughed and sneered, and a big brutal fellow, who was standing in the middle of the room, picked up a slipper, and shied it at the kneeling boy, calling him a snivelling young shaver.

   • 1868 January 4 – June 6, [William] Wilkie Collins, “First Period. The Loss of the Diamond (1848). […]”, in The Moonstone. A Romance. […], volume I, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], published 1868, OCLC 225036627, chapter VI, page 78:

     "I was thinking, sir," I answered, "that I should like to shy the Diamond into the quicksand, and settle the question in that way."

名詞

shy (複数形 shies)

1. An act of throwing.
   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, OCLC 2057953:

     Foker discharged a prodigious bouquet at her, and even Smirke made a feeble shy with a rose, and blushed dreadfully when it fell into the pit

   • 1846, Punch Volume 10

     If Lord Brougham gets a stone in his hand, he must, it seems, have a shy at somebody.

   • 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin 2009, p. 55:

     The game had started. A man was chasing the ball, it went out for a shy.

2. A place for throwing.

   coconut shy

3. A sudden start aside, as by a horse.
4. In the Eton College wall game, a point scored by lifting the ball against the wall in the calx.

派生語

• coconut shy
• have a shy