sinisterとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• sinistre (廃れた用法)

語源

From Middle English sinistre (“unlucky”), from Old French senestre, sinistre (“left”), from Latin sinister (“left hand”).^[1]

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈsɪnɪstə/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈsɪnɪstɚ/
• Accented on the middle syllable by the older poets, such as Shakespeare, Milton, and Dryden.

形容詞

sinister (comparative more sinister, superlative most sinister)

1. Inauspicious, ominous, unlucky, illegitimate (as in bar sinister).
   • 1611, Ben[jamin] Jonson, Catiline His Conspiracy, London: […] [William Stansby?] for Walter Burre, →OCLC, (please specify |act=I to V):

     All the several ills that visit earth,
     Brought forth by night, with a sinister birth.

   • 1922, Michael Arlen, “1/5/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days‎^[1]:

     And in the meanwhile, Society shivered a little feverishly, filled now with the scions of those who had come over with the Jewish and American Conquests. Escutcheons were becoming valueless, how sinister soever the blots and clots upon them.

2. Evil or seemingly evil; indicating lurking danger or harm.

   sinister influences

   the sinister atmosphere of the crypt

3. (archaic) Of the left side.

   Antonym: dexter

   • c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v], column 2:

     my Mothers bloud
     Runs on the dexter checke, and this ſiniſter
     Bounds in my fathers:

   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s VVell, that Ends VVell”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 235:

     His ſicatrice, with an Embleme of warre, heere on his ſiniſter cheeke;

   • 1911, Saki; ‘The Unrest-Cure’, The Chronicles of Clovis:

     Before the train had stopped he had decorated his sinister shirt-cuff with the inscription, ‘J. P. Huddle, The Warren, Tilfield, near Slowborough.’

4. (heraldry) On the left side of a shield from the wearer's standpoint, and the right side to the viewer.

   Antonym: dexter

5. (obsolete) Wrong, as springing from indirection or obliquity; perverse; dishonest.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Judicature”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     Nimble and sinister tricks and shifts.

   • 1667, Robert South, The Practice of Religion Enforced by Reason:

     He scorns to undermine another's interest by any sinister or inferior arts.

   • 1822, [Walter Scott], The Pirate. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:

     He read in their looks […] sinister intentions directed particularly toward himself.

派生語

参照

アナグラム

• insister, resistin, sinistre

Latin

語源

From Proto-Italic *senisteros, of unknown origin, but possibly from a euphemism from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Sanskrit सनीयान् (sanīyān, “more useful, more advantageous”).^[1]

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /siˈnis.ter/, [s̠ɪˈnɪs̠t̪ɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /siˈnis.ter/, [siˈnist̪er]

形容詞

sinister (feminine sinistra, neuter sinistrum, 比較級 sinistrior, 最上級 sinistimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine 単数形 in -er)

1. left

   Synonyms: laevus, scaevus

   Antonym: dexter

2. perverse, bad; or adverse, hostile
   • 1st BC, Virgilius

     mores sinistri

     arboribus Notus sinister

3. (religion) auspicious (for Romans) or inauspicious (for Greeks)
   • 1st BC, Virgilius

     sinistra cornix, good omen

   • 2nd century, Apuleius

     sinistro pede profectus, started with bad omen

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine 単数形 in -er).

派生した語

• Late Latin: sinexter
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: sinèstro (古風な用法)
  • North Italian:
    • Friulian: signestri
    • Romansch: sanester, seniester; saniester; schnester
    • Venetian: senestro
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Old Catalan: senestre
    • Old French: senestre
      • Middle French: senestre
        • French: senestre, sénestre, senêtre
      • Norman: s'nêtre
    • Occitan: senèstre
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Asturian: siniestru
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: sẽestro, seestro
      • Portuguese: sestro
    • Old Spanish: siniestro
      • Spanish: siniestro
• → Catalan: sinistre
• → Dutch: sinister
• → English: sinister
• → French: sinistre
• → Galician: sinistro
• → Portuguese: sinistro
• → Romanian: sinistru

参照

• “sinister”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sinister”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Castiglioni-Mariotti, IL