gladiatorとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Latin gladiātor, from gladius (“sword”). See also English gladius.

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɡlædiˌeɪtɚ/

名詞

gladiator (複数形 gladiators)

1. (in ancient Rome) A person (professional または slave) who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat with another, or with a wild animal.
2. (by extension) A disputant in a public controversy or debate.
3. A professional boxer.

関連する語

• gladiatress
• gladiatrix
• gladiolus

動詞

gladiator (三人称単数 現在形 gladiators, 現在分詞 gladiatoring, 過去形および過去分詞形 gladiatored)

1. To fight as entertainment for others.
   • 1915, The Atlantic Monthly - Volume 116, page 642:

     When the dance was done there was the cock-fight, or rather a century of cock-fights, to be reckoned with. For two hundred of these luckless creatures 'gladiatored' bravely, while an appreciative audience held matting up to its chin to keep from being bespattered with blood.

   • 2013 December 4, “What it's like to spend 20 years on death row”, in The Telegraph:

     The guards made me fight other prisoners for their own amusement. It was called gladiatoring.

2. To compete in a public contest.
   • 1994, Saxophone Journal - Volume 19, page 32:

     I played very well as was evidenced in that I was the only participant in the entire six or seven days of wind gladiatoring who received a standing ovation from the orchestra, no less.

   • 2019, Ruth Park, A Fence Around the Cuckoo: Text Classics, page 256:

     It's himself gladiatoring on the harmonium.

3. To debate or argue.
   • 1895, Athol Mayhew, A Jorum of "Punch" with Those who Helped to Brew it:

     He did his gladiatoring doubtless without malice, and from a purely sporting instinct — even as Mr. Punch gave the provocation.

   • 1988, Bernard S. Jackson, Law, fact and narrative coherence, page 71:

     Quoting the accounts in both Time and Newsweek, they note that though the "defense attorney may have outwitted, outsparred, and even "out gladiatored" (another popular image in the trial coverage) his opponent, but he still lost the case.

   • 2005, John K. Hale, Milton's Cambridge Latin: Performing in the Genres, 1625-1632:

     It was all part of the gladiatoring: the true performer would argue each case to the utmost, like a debater or mooter in our own world.

   • 2010, John O'Mahony, R. L. Praeger, The Sunny Side of Ireland, page 71:

     Och! lave off your gladiatoring; sure it's took up I'd be if I did that!

4. To act aggressively toward others.
   • 1863, The Boy's Yearly Book, page 212:

     Why, thin, Mister Levi Slam, don't you think now that a volley poured into them haythen mosquitos beyant would put a stop to their gladiatoring a little?

   • 1946, George A. Birmingham, The Piccadilly Lady, page 70:

     It's the Count von Eisenstein," says he, "that's come over to Eire for protection against the murdering English who are marauding and gladiatoring about Germany and would kill him if they could, but thanks be to God," says my bold McQuirk, "he'll be safe enough here and it'll be a good thing to have a friend of the Irish people living in Kilfenora Castle, though maybe you won't like it."

   • 1981, Ruth Park, The Frost And The Fire, page 162:

     Have I been gladiatoring about the place, boys? Did I squeeze the wizendy little fella a bit rough like?

Latin

語源

Derived from either gladiō (“I use the sword”) +‎ -tor (“-tor”) or gladior (“I use the sword”) +‎ -tor (“-tor”). The verb gladiāre/gladiārī is attested only indirectly from derived forms such as gladiātor, ars gladiandī or, in an inscription, gladiantēs.^[1]

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ɡla.diˈaː.tor/, [ɡɫ̪äd̪iˈäːt̪ɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ɡla.diˈa.tor/, [ɡläd̪iˈäːt̪or]

名詞

gladiātor m (genitive gladiātōris, feminine gladiātrīx); third declension

1. gladiator, swordsman

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

下位語

• (gladiator): prōvocātor, rētiārius, secūtor, thraex, hordeārius

派生語

• gladiātōriē
• gladiātōrium
• gladiātūra

関連する語

• gladiolus
• gladius

派生した語

参照

• “gladiator”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gladiator”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gladiator in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• gladiator in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to give a gladiatorial show: gladiatores dare
    
  • at the gladiatorial games: gladiatoribus (Att. 2. 19. 3)