jarとは

発音

An ancient Greek amphora, a type of jar (sense 1)^{[n 1]}

A large jar (sense 1) used for burial in ancient times in Mingachevir, Azerbaijan^{[n 2]}

Pickled vegetables in jars (sense 2) for sale in Istanbul, Turkey

• enPR: jär, IPA^(key): /dʒɑɹ/
  • (英国発音) IPA^(key): [dʒɑː(ɹ)]
  • (General American) IPA^(key): [dʒɑɹ], [dʒɑ˞]
  • (General Australian) IPA^(key): [dʒaː(ɹ)]
• 韻: -ɑː(ɹ)

語源 1

From Middle English jarre (“jar”), from Medieval Latin jarra,^[1] or from Middle French jarre (“liquid measure”) (from Old French jare; modern French jarre (“earthenware jar”)), or from Spanish jarra, jarro (“jug, pitcher; mug, stein”), all from Arabic جَرَّة‎ (jarra, “earthen receptacle”). The word is cognate with Italian giara (“jar; crock”), Occitan jarro, Portuguese jarra, jarro (“jug; ewer, pitcher”).^[2]

The verb is derived from the noun.^[3]

名詞

jar (複数形 jars)

1. (originally) An earthenware container, either with two or no handles, for holding oil, water, wine, etc., or used for burial. [from late 16th c.]
3. A small, approximately cylindrical container, normally made of clay or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes.

   Synonyms: cruse, pot

4. A jar and its contents; as much as fills such a container; a jarful.

下位語

派生語

• jamjar
• jarful

関連する語

• jorum (possibly related)

動詞

jar (三人称単数 現在形 jars, 現在分詞 jarring, 過去形および過去分詞形 jarred)

1. (transitive) To preserve (food) in a jar.

   Synonym: bottle

語源 2

Perhaps imitative;^[4] the noun is derived from the verb.^[5]

名詞

jar (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 jars)

1. (countable) A clashing or discordant set of sounds, particularly with a quivering or vibrating quality.
2. (countable, also figuratively) A quivering or vibrating movement or sensation resulting from something being shaken or struck.

   Synonym: jolt

3. (countable, by extension) A sense of alarm or dismay.
4. (countable, now まれに) A disagreement, a dispute, a quarrel; (uncountable) contention, discord; quarrelling.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, London: William Ponsonbie, 1596, Book 2, Canto 2, p. 212,^{[1] [2]}

     He maketh warre, he maketh peace againe,

     And yet his peace is but continuall iarre [...].

   • 1593, William Shakespeare, Venus and Adonis,^[3]

     I have been woo’d, as I entreat thee now,

     Even by the stern and direful god of war,

     Whose sinewy neck in battle ne’er did bow,

     Who conquers where he comes in every jar;

   • 1612, John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles, London: Michael Sparkes, Book 3, Chapter 12, p. 89,^[4]

     To redresse those jarres and ill proceedings, the Councell and Company of Virginia, not finding that returne, and profit they expected; and them ingaged there, not having meanes to subsist of themselues, made meanes to his Maiestie, to call in their Commission […]

   • 1718, Daniel Defoe, A Vindication of the Press, London: T. Warner, p. 7,^[5]

     But of late the populace of France are not so perfectly enclouded with Superstition, and if a young Author can pretend to Divine, I think it is easy to foresee that the papal Power will in a very short space be considerably lessen’d if not in a great measure disregarded in that Kingdom, by the intestine Jarrs and Discords of their Parties for Religion, and the Desultory Judgments of the most considerable Prelates.

派生語

• jarring (adjective)

動詞

jar (三人称単数 現在形 jars, 現在分詞 jarring, 過去形および過去分詞形 jarred)

1. (transitive) To knock, shake, or strike sharply, especially causing a quivering or vibrating movement.

   He hit it with a hammer, hoping he could jar it loose.

2. (transitive) To harm or injure by such action.
3. (transitive, figuratively) To shock or surprise.

   I think the accident jarred him, as he hasn’t got back in a car since.

4. (transitive, figuratively) To act in disagreement or opposition, to clash, to be at odds with; to interfere; to dispute, to quarrel.
   • 1595, Edmunde Spenser [i.e., Edmund Spenser], “[Amoretti.] Sonnet XLIIII”, in Amoretti and Epithalamion. […], London: Printed [by Peter Short] for William Ponsonby, OCLC 932931864; reprinted in Amoretti and Epithalamion (The Noel Douglas Replicas), London: Noel Douglas […], 1927, OCLC 474036557:

     When thoſe renoumed^{[sic, meaning renowned]} noble Peres of Greece, / thrugh ſtubborn pride amongſt theſelues did iar / forgetfull of the famous golden fleece, / then Orpheus with his harp theyr ſtrife did bar.

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: Printed [by Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […] [a]nd by Robert Boulter […] [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: The Text Exactly Reproduced from the First Edition of 1667: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     For Orders and Degrees / Jarr not with liberty, but well conſiſt.

5. (transitive, intransitive) To (cause something to) give forth a rudely tremulous or quivering sound; to (cause something to) sound discordantly or harshly.

   The clashing notes jarred on my ears.

   • 1591, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i], page 126, column 1:

     How irkſome is this Muſick to my heart? / When ſuch Strings iarre, what hope of Harmony?

   • 17th century, Wentworth Earl of Roscommon [i.e., Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon], “Horace’s Art of Poetry”, in The Poetical Works of Wentworth Earl of Roscommon […], Edinburgh: Printed by Mundell and Son, […], published 1793, OCLC 702557422; republished as Robert Anderson, editor, The Works of the British Poets. […], volume VI, London: Printed for John & Arthur Arch; and for Bell & Bradfute, and J. Mundell & Co. Edinburgh, 1795, OCLC 221535929, page 438, column 2:

     Be not too rigidly cenſorious, / A ſtring may jar in the beſt maſter's hand, / And the moſt ſkilful archer miſs his aim; / But in a poem elegantly writ, / I would not quarrel with a ſlight miſtake, / Such as our nature's frailty may excuſe; […]

6. (intransitive) To quiver or vibrate due to being shaken or struck.
7. (intransitive, figuratively) Of the appearance, form, style, etc., of people and things: to look strangely different; to stand out awkwardly from its surroundings; to be incongruent.

Notes

参照

Further reading

• jar on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• Raj, ajr, raj