英和和英

語源

• As an English surname, from the noun cross, as in crossroads. Also a calque of this word in various European languages, such as French Lacroix, German Kreutz, Serbo-Croatian Križ. Compare Crouch, Crozier, Kriz.
• As an Irish surname, shortened from McCrossen.
• As a German surname, Americanized from Kross, from Middle Low German krus (“pitcher, vessel”), which is possibly an old Germanic borrowing of Ancient Greek κρωσσός (krōssós, “pitcher, pail, urn”). Also a variant of Kress.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, Canada) IPA: /kɹɒs/
• (General American, Australian) enPR: krôs, IPA: /kɹɔs/
• (cot–caught merger) enPR: krŏs, IPA: /kɹɑs/
• 韻: -ɒs, -ɔːs

固有名詞

Cross

1. (Christianity) The cross on which Jesus died and, in metonymical uses, such as to refer to Christ's suffering in general.

   Synonyms: Holy Cross, True Cross, Crucifix

2. A number of places with the name "Cross":
   1. A place in the United Kingdom:
      1. A settlement on the Isle of Lewis, Western Isles council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NB5062).
      2. A hamlet in St Dominick parish, east Cornwall, England (OS grid ref SX4067)
      3. A hamlet in Georgeham parish, North Devon district, Devon, England (OS grid ref SS4539).
      4. A hamlet in Goodleigh parish, North Devon district, Devon (OS grid ref SS6034).
      5. A hamlet in Ellesmere Rural parish and Ellesmere Urban parish, north of Ellesmere, Shropshire, England (OS grid ref SJ3936).
      6. A village in Compton Bishop parish, Somerset, England, previously in Sedgemoor district (OS grid ref ST4154).
   2. A place in Ireland:
      1. A village and townland in County Clare, Ireland, Irish spelling An Chrois.
      2. A village in County Mayo, Ireland, Irish spelling An Chrois.
   3. A place in the United States:
      1. An unincorporated community in Berkeley County, South Carolina, United States.
      2. An unincorporated community in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States.
      3. A town in Buffalo County, Wisconsin, United States.
   4. A barangay of Glan, Sarangani, Philippines.

使用する際の注意点

For places with the affix "Cross", see cross#Derived terms.

派生語

• Holy Cross
• St Cross

固有名詞

Cross

1. A topographic surname from Middle English for someone who lived near a stone cross on a road.
   • 1922, Musical News and Herald, volumes 62-63, page 780:

     Max Cross cut a fine figure as the Colonel, Percy Penny was a somewhat unducal Duke, while Edgar McHale gave a particularly good rendering of the Major.

派生語

参考

• Crozier
• Kreuzer

参照

接頭辞

cross-

1. Shaped like a cross or X; crossing lines.

   e.g. crossbody, crossbuck, cross-stitch

   Synonym: stauro- Synonym: xipho-

2. Perpendicular in angle; transverse.

   e.g. crossbedding, crossband, crossmember

   Synonym: ortho-. See visuals for difference between crossband and crossbuck.

3. Moving from one side to the other; across.

   e.g. crossfield, cross-city. When used for a rectangular space, this movement is typically diagonal, such as in crossbelt and crosscourt.

   Synonym: dia-.

   1. (figurative) Moving from one track or state to another.

      e.g. crossfeed as the process of blending the left and right channels of a stereo recording, crossfader, cross-link

      Synonym: inter-

   2. On the opposite side of.

      e.g. crosstown, cross-cousin, cross-ratio

      Synonym: contra-, Synonym: para-

4. Moving or acting against, opposing, contrary.

   e.g. crossflow, cross-beat, cross-vote

   Synonym: ana-, Synonym: counter-

5. Located in between. Often, but not necessarily, forming an H-shaped structure.

   e.g. cross-passage, cross-tunnel, crossfire

   Synonym: inter-

6. More than one, often in indicating applicability to several domains that are usually separate.

   e.g. crosslingual, cross-browser, crossfunctional, cross-cultural

   Synonym: multi-, Synonym: pluri-

   1. Involving two or more at the same time; coincident.

      e.g. crossbreak, crosspost, crosscurrent

      Synonym: synchro-

      • 1967 May, William F. Nolan, George Clayton Johnson, Logan's Run, Bantam, published 1976, →ISBN, page 14:

        The room was a cross-mixture of voices.
        "Come in Kelly 4. […] "
        "Come in Stanhope. […] "
        "Evans 9. Confirm. […] "

   2. Comparing two sources of information, often to verify their contents.

      e.g. crossdate, crossvalidated, crosscovariance

      Synonym: co-

   3. To combine two entities to create a hybrid.

      e.g. crossbreed, cross-pollinate, crosslinear

      Synonym: zygo-

7. Mutual exchange or influence, where both entities are affected in the same way. Mutuality.

   e.g. crosstalk, crossrepression, crosscalibration, cross-progress

   Synonym: ambi-

8. One entity affecting a similar entity, such as to transfer of one property from one entity to the other.

   e.g. crossregulation, crossfeed, crossprotection

   To crossfeed as to supply one fuel tank of an aircraft with fuel from another. To crossregulate is when one metabolic pathway is regulated by the enzymes in another pathway. These are one-way influences, whereas the previous sense of mutuality has symmetric two-way influences; e.g. crossrepression is mutual repression of interacting systems.

   Synonym: trans-

9. Alternate, different.

   e.g. cross-tune, cross-birth, cross-live

   Synonym: allo-, Synonym: alter-

同意語

• (mutual): inter-, x- (abbreviation)

派生語

参照

• “cross-”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.