英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 mate, a borrowing from Middle Low German mate (“messmate”) (replacing 中期英語 mett, mette (“table companion, mate, partner”), from 古期英語 ġemetta (“sharer of food, table-guest”)), from Old Saxon gimato, derived from Proto-Germanic *gamatjô, itself from *ga- (“together”) (related to German and Dutch ge-) + *matjô (from *matiz (“food”)), related to 古期英語 mete (“food”)). From the same Middle Low German source stems German Low German Maat (“journeyman, companion”), German Maat (“naval non-commissioned officer”). Cognates include Saterland Frisian Moat (“friend, buddy, comrade, mate”), Dutch maat (“mate, partner, colleague, friend”). More at 古期英語 ġe-, English co-, English meat. Doublet of maat.

Compare typologically Latin compāniō (whence companion) (< con- + panis + -ō), Russian однока́шник (odnokášnik) (< одно- (odno-) + ка́ша (káša) + -ник (-nik)).

名詞

mate (plural mates)

1. A fellow, comrade, colleague, partner or someone with whom something is shared, e.g. shipmate, classmate.

   Synonyms: fellow, (poetic, archaic) fere

   • 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 152:

     A "mate" was a "mate" - share and share alike, no matter how bad might be the times, or how long a spell of ill luck had attended them.

2. (especially of a non-human animal) A breeding partner.
   • 2015 April 16, Richard P. Grant, “Sex and the successful fundraiser”, in The Guardian‎:

     Such overt displays of avowed sexual prowess – or at least, desperate availability – are not limited to the countryside. Even in the city, birds and animals and stockbrokers and nurses find ways of signalling their suitability as a mate.

3. (colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, sometimes elsewhere in the Commonwealth) A friend, usually of the same sex.

   Synonyms: friend, buddy; see also Thesaurus:friend

   I'm going to the pub with a few mates.

   He's my best mate.

4. (colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, sometimes elsewhere in the Commonwealth) Friendly term of address to a stranger, usually male, of similar age.

   Synonym: buddy

   Excuse me, mate, have you got the time?

5. (nautical) In naval ranks, a non-commissioned officer or his subordinate (e.g. Boatswain's Mate, Gunner's Mate, Sailmaker's Mate, etc).
6. (nautical) A ship's officer, subordinate to the master on a commercial ship.
7. (nautical) A first mate.
8. A technical assistant in certain trades (e.g. gasfitter's mate, plumber's mate); sometimes an apprentice.
9. The other member of a matched pair of objects.

   I found one of the socks I wanted to wear, but I couldn't find its mate.

10. A suitable companion; a match; an equal.
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

      Ye knew me once no mate / For you; there sitting where you durst not soar.

使用する際の注意点

• In British and Irish English, mate remains more masculine‐leaning, though it is increasingly used as a gender‐neutral term among younger generations and in urban centres. In Australian and New Zealand English, while it was originally strictly masculine, it has broadened in recent decades to become a common unisex term of address, even when speaking to strangers.
• The colloquial sense of a friend or comrade developed from the lateral use of terms like messmate and shipmate among sailors and laborers of equal rank. In the homosocial maritime and working‐class environments of the 15th to 19th centuries, this fostered a strong connotation of egalitarianism and male solidarity. In colonial Australia and New Zealand, the term also denoted an equal partner in a joint enterprise, especially on the goldfields (a role filled by partner in North American English). The shift toward a unisex application is a relatively modern sociolinguistic development.
• In North America, this colloquial sense is rarely used natively and is strongly associated with British or Australasian speech. Instead, North American English relies on terms such as buddy, pal, or dude. In the US and Canada, mate is generally restricted to its biological sense (a breeding partner) or its formal nautical sense (as in first mate).

下位語

派生語

動詞

mate (third-person singular simple present mates, present participle mating, simple past and past participle mated)

1. (intransitive) To match, fit together without space between.

   Synonyms: match, couple, pair

   The pieces of the puzzle mate perfectly.

2. (intransitive) To copulate.

   Synonyms: couple; see also Thesaurus:copulate

   • 1913, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Return of Tarzan, New York: Ballantine Books, published 1963, page 172:

     “In fact, the apes live with us, and have for many ages. We call them the first men—we speak their language quite as much as we do our own; only in the rituals of the temple do we make any attempt to retain our mother tongue. In time it will be forgotten, and we will speak only the language of the apes; in time we will no longer banish those of our people who mate with apes, and so in time we shall descend to the very beasts from which ages ago our progenitors may have sprung.”

3. (intransitive) To pair in order to raise offspring.
4. (transitive) To arrange in matched pairs.
5. (transitive) To introduce (animals) together for the purpose of breeding.
6. (transitive, of an animal) To copulate with.
7. (transitive) To marry; to match (a person).
   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     If she be mated with an equal husband.

8. (transitive, obsolete) To match oneself against; to oppose as equal; to compete with.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Death”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     There is no passion in the mind of man so weak but it mates and masters the fear of death.

   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     I, […] in the way of loyalty and truth, […] / Dare mate a sounder man than Surrey can be.

9. (transitive) To fit (objects) together without space between.
10. (intransitive) To come together as companions, comrades, partners, etc.
    • 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 152:

      Indeed, some cases of devotion that were met with were quite touching; and very often to all appearances the pairs were not always mated from the same class of society.

11. (transitive, aerospace) To move (a space shuttle orbiter) onto the back of an aircraft that can carry it.

    Antonym: demate

派生語

• mating

語源 2

From 中期英語 verb maten, from Middle French mater, from Old French noun mat (“checkmate”), from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât).

名詞

mate (plural mates)

1. (chess) Clipping of checkmate.

派生語

動詞

mate (third-person singular simple present mates, present participle mating, simple past and past participle mated)

1. (chess) Clipping of checkmate.

語源 3

From 中期英語 maten (“to overpower”), from Old French mater (“to kill”), from Vulgar Latin *mattō, of unclear origin.

動詞

mate (third-person singular simple present mates, present participle mating, simple past and past participle mated)

1. (obsolete) To confuse; to confound.
   • c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

     I think you are all mated, or stark mad.

語源 4

See maté.

名詞

mate (plural mates)

1. Alternative spelling of maté, an aromatic tea-like drink prepared from the holly yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis).
2. The abovementioned plant; the leaves and shoots used for the tea

アナグラム

• AEMT, ATEM, Atem, META, Meta, Tame, Team, Tema, meat, meta, meta-, tame, team

別の表記

• mat, mayte

発音

• IPA: /ˈmaːt(ə)/

名詞

mate (plural mates)

1. mate (companion, comrade)
2. mate (shipmate)
3. (rare) person, human

派生した語

• English: mate
• Scots: mate
• Yola: moude, moud, maude

参照

• “māte, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

間投詞

mate

1. alternative form of mat (“checkmate”)

名詞

mate

1. alternative form of mat (“checkmate”)

形容詞

mate

1. alternative form of mat (“checkmate”)

語源 3

形容詞

mate

1. alternative form of mat (“tired”)
2. inflection of mat:
   1. weak singular
   2. strong/weak plural

語源 4

動詞

mate

1. alternative form of maten (“to checkmate”)

語源 5

動詞

mate

1. alternative form of maten (“to overpower”)

接尾辞

-mate (noun-forming suffix, plural -mates)

1. Used to form nouns having the sense of "a comrade or fellow with whom what is denoted by the noun is shared".

   classmate, schoolmate

派生語

Further reading

• “-mate”, in Cambridge English Dictionary, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, 1999–present.

アナグラム

• Meta, META, meta-, team, meat, AEMT, Team, Tema, Atem, Tame, meta, ATEM, tame