be afterとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• afther
• aftre (廃れた用法)

語源

From Middle English, from 古期英語 æfter, from Proto-Germanic *after (“more aft, further behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *apotero (“further behind, further away”), comparative form of *apo- (“off, behind”); see also Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”). Cognate with North Frisian efter (“after, behind”), Dutch/Low German achter (“behind”), German After (“anus”), Old Norse eptir (Danish & Swedish efter, “after”), Norwegian etter (“after”). The Proto-Indo-European is the source of apo- (“away, without”), from Ancient Greek ἀπό (apo); comparative is also the source of Ancient Greek ἀπωτέρω (apōterō).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/, /ˈæf.tə(ɹ)/, SAMPA: /"A:f.t@(r\)/, /"{f.t@(r\)/
• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈæf.tɚ/, SAMPA: /"{ft@`(\r)/
• ハイフネーション: af‧ter

副詞

after (not comparable)

1. Behind; later in time; following.

   They lived happily ever after.

   I left the room, and the dog bounded after.

派生語

前置詞

after

1. subsequently to; following in time; later than.

   We had a few beers after the game.

   The time is quarter after eight.

   The Cold War began shortly after the Second World War

2. behind

   he will leave a trail of destruction after him

3. in pursuit of, seeking

   he's after a job

   run after him

   inquire after her health

4. in allusion to, in imitation of; following or referencing

   we named him after his grandfather

   a painting after Leonardo da Vinci

5. next in importance or rank

   The princess is next in line to the throne after the prince.

6. as a result of

   After your bad behaviour, you will be punished.

7. in spite of

   After all that has happened, he is still my friend.

8. (Irish, usually preceded by a form of be, followed by an -ing form of a verb) Used to indicate recent completion of an activity

   I was after finishing my dinner when there was a knock on the door.

   • 1875, Patrick Kennedy, Evenings in the Duffrey, page 283:

     He was after walking on the Thursday, Friday, and Saturday before, all the way from the County Limerick, where his brother, Father John, has a parish; and you may believe, the poor man was tired

   • 1906, Lady Gregory, “A Miracle Play”, The Shanachie, volume 1: 

     Mother: Let him get away out of this now, himself and his share of songs. Look at the way he has your bib destroyed that I was after washing in the morning!

   • 2004, Joseph O'Connor, Star of the Sea^[1], page 40:

     When I woke up it was black-dark and the music was after stopping. I could taste the bread I was after eating in the dream, as sweet and luscious as any I ever knew

   • 2004, Tabor Evans, Longarm and the Great Milk Train Robbery:

     He asked directions to the dairy those milk cans had shown up late at. Corrigan pointed back the way he'd come and explained, “You'd have been after riding past their loading platform because they don't have their sign overlooking where the train would be after stopping.

   • 2008, M. P. Shiel, The Black Box, page 45:

     "Yes. And where were you when the flood broke loose?" / "I would be most of the way to the Old House then. O'Loughlin was after running in wild to tell me he was hearing the Banshee out at The Old House, […] ."

使用する際の注意点

• The Irish English usage example is equivalent to "I had just finished my dinner when […] .".

派生語

接続詞

after

1. Signifies that the action of the clause it starts takes place before the action of the other clause.

   I went home after we had decided to call it a day.

   • 1991, Donald "Shadow" Rimgale (character), Robert DeNiro (actor), Backdraft

     So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline?

形容詞

after

1. (obsolete) Second (of two); next; following.
2. (nautical, where the frame of reference is within the ship) At or towards the stern of a ship

   The after gun is mounted aft.

   The after gun is abaft the forward gun.

3. (dated) Later; subsequent.
   • 1834, David Crockett, A Narrative of the Life of, Nebraska 1987, p. 72:

     I did verily believe in my own mind, that I couldn't fight in that way at all; but my after experience convinced me that this was all a notion.

   • 1886, Thomas Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge‎

     The amends he had made in after life were lost sight of in the dramatic glare of the original act.

使用する際の注意点

• As shown in the examples above, the adverb in this nautical usage is aft and the related preposition is abaft.

派生語

• afterness

関連する語

• aft
• abaft
• eft

参照

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

統計情報

• Most common English words before 1923: over · know · much · #95: after · first · down · good

アナグラム

• trafe