put forthとは 意味・読み方・使い方

動詞

put forth (三人称単数 現在形 puts forth, 現在分詞 putting forth, 過去形および過去分詞形 put forth)

1. (transitive) To give or supply; to make or create (implies trying または striving).

   to put forth an effort

   • 1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, OCLC 79426475, Act II, scene i, page 3:

     Now, Marcus, now, thy Virtue’s on the Proof: / Put forth thy utmost Strength, work ev’ry Nerve, / And call up all thy Father in thy Soul:

   • 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 16, in Emma: […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II または III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, OCLC 1708336:

     “Oh! when a gallant young man, like Mr. Frank Churchill,” said Mr. Knightley dryly, “writes to a fair lady like Miss Woodhouse, he will, of course, put forth his best.”

   • 1853, Elizabeth Gaskell, Ruth, Chapter 8,^[1]

     He could not move as quickly as most men, but he put forth his utmost speed.

   • 1950, Josephine Tey, To Love and Be Wise, New York: Pocket Book, 1977, Chapter Four, p. 36,^[2]

     But his actor’s need to be liked was stronger than his resentment, and he was putting forth all his charm in an effort to win over this so-unexpected antagonist.

2. (transitive) To extend forward (a body part または something held).
   • 1591, William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Put forth thy hand, reach at the glorious gold.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, 1 Samuel 14:27:

     […] he put forth the end of the rod that was in his hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb […]

   • 1613, John Donne, “Epithalamion made at Lincolnes Inne” in Poems, London: John Marriot, 1633, p. 135,^[3]

     Put forth, put forth that warme balme-breathing thigh,

     Which when next time you in these sheets wil smother

     There it must meet another,

     Which never was, but must be, oft, more nigh;

   • 1712 May, [Alexander Pope], “The Rape of the Locke. An Heroi-comical Poem.”, in Miscellaneous Poems and Translations. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], OCLC 228744960, canto 3, page 22:

     With his broad Sabre next, a Chief in Years, / The hoary Majesty of Spades appears; / Puts forth one manly Leg, to sight reveal’d; / The rest his many-colour’d Robe conceal’d.

3. (transitive) To advance, offer, propose (often verbally).
   • 1589–1592 (date written), Ch[ristopher] Marl[owe], The Tragicall History of D. Faustus. […], London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Thomas Bushell, published 1604, OCLC 863467733; republished as Hermann Breymann, editor, Doctor Faustus (Englische Sprach- und Literaturdenkmale des 16., 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts; 5; Marlowes Werke: Historisch-kritische Ausgabe […]; II), Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg: Verlag von Gebr[üder] Henninger, 1889, OCLC 1020475087, scene VII, lines 930–932, page 49:

     They put forth questions of Astrologie, / Which Faustus answerd with such learned skill, / As they admirde and wondred at his wit.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Matthew 13:24:

     Another parable put he forth unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a man which sowed good seed in his field:

   • 1895–1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, chapter 1, in The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, published 1898, OCLC 699873, book I (The Coming of the Martians), page 15:

     So far as one can ascertain from the conflicting accounts that have been put forth, the majority of them remained busied with preparations […]

   • 1920, Edith Wharton, chapter 26, in The Age of Innocence, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, OCLC 878563136:

     By the fifteenth the season was in full blast, Opera and theatres were putting forth their new attractions, dinner-engagements were accumulating, and dates for dances being fixed.

   • 1958, Aldous Huxley, Brave New World Revisited, New York: Harper & Bros., c. 1962, Chapter 11,^[4]

     In its present form, the social order depends for its continued existence on the acceptance, without too many embarrassing questions, of the propaganda put forth by those in authority and the propaganda hallowed by the local traditions.

4. (transitive, obsolete) To send (someone) out, remove (someone) from a place.
   • 1610, John Healey (translator), St. Augustine, Of the Citie of God, London, George Eld, Book 14, Chapter 21, p. 524,^[5]

     […] they begot no children vntill they were put forth of Paradise […]

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Acts 5:34:

     Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space;

5. (transitive) To emit, send out, give off (light, odour, etc.).
   • 1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […]”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J. M[acock] for John Starkey […], OCLC 228732398, page 17:

     For inward light alas / Puts forth no visual beam.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, chapter 6, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar […], OCLC 928184292, book 12, page 367:

     […] now the Moon beginning to put forth her Silver Light, as the Poets call it (tho’ she looked at that Time more like a Piece of Copper) Jones called for his Reckoning […]

   • 1807, William Wordsworth, Untitled poem in Poems, in Two Volumes, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees & Orme, Volume 1, p. 66,^[6]

     Upon a leaf the Glow-worm did I lay,

     To bear it with me through the stormy night:

     And, as before, it shone without dismay;

     Albeit putting forth a fainter light.

   • c. 1811, William Blake, Milton: A Poem in Two Books, E.R.D. Maclagan and A.G.B. Russell (editors), London: A. H. Bullen, 1907, Book Two, p. 34,^[7]

     Thou perceivest the Flowers put forth their precious Odours,

     And none can tell how from so small a center comes such sweet,

6. (transitive, intransitive) To grow, shoot, bud, or germinate.
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii]:

     […] her hedges even-pleach’d, / Like prisoners wildly overgrown with hair, / Put forth disorder’d twigs;

   • 1631, Francis [Bacon], “VI. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] VVilliam Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], page 137, OCLC 1044372886:

     […] [t]ake from vnder Walls, or the like, where Nettles put forth in abundance, the Earth which you shall there finde […]

   • 1950, C. S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, New York: Macmillan, Chapter 11,^[8]

     Soon the beech trees had put forth their delicate, transparent leaves.

7. (transitive, intransitive) (of a ship) To leave (a port または haven).
   • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene x]:

     […] order for sea is given; / They have put forth the haven [—] / Where their appointment we may best discover, / And look on their endeavour.

   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 2, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, OCLC 57395299:

     And where but from Nantucket, too, did that first adventurous little sloop put forth, partly laden with imported cobblestones—so goes the story—to throw at the whales, in order to discover when they were nigh enough to risk a harpoon from the bowsprit?