MEDIUMとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• enPR: mē'diəm, IPA^(key): /ˈmiːdɪəm/
• 韻: -iːdiəm

名詞

medium (複数形 media または medias または mediums)

1. (複数形 media または mediums) The material of the surrounding environment, e.g. solid, liquid, gas, vacuum, or a specific substance such as a solvent.
3. (複数形 media または mediums) The materials or empty space through which signals, waves, or forces pass.
   • 1626, Francis Bacon, Sylva Sylvarum: or A Naturall Historie, London: William Lee, III. Century, p. 60,^[1]

     Whether any other Liquours, being made Mediums, cause a Diuersity of Sound from Water, it may be tried:

   • 1642, John Denham, The Sophy, London: Thomas Walkley, Act II, Scene 1, page 12,^[2]

     He’s old and jealous, apt for suspitions, gainst which tyrants ears

     Are never clos’d. The Prince is young,

     Fierce, and ambitious, I must bring together

     All these extreames, and then remove all Mediums,

     That each may be the others object.

5. (複数形 media または mediums) A format for communicating or presenting information.
6. (複数形 media または mediums, microbiology) A nutrient substance, commonly a solution or solid, for the growth of cells in vitro.
   • 1996, Samuel Baron (editor), Medical Microbiology:

     In some instances one can take advantage of differential carbohydrate fermentation capabilities of microorganisms by incorporating one or more carbohydrates in the medium along with a suitable pH indicator. Such media are called differential media (e.g., eosin methylene blue または MacConkey agar) and are commonly used to isolate enteric bacilli.

7. (複数形 media または mediums, biology, horticulture etc.) A substance, structure, or environment in which living organisms subsist, grow or are cultured.
   • 1895, Bashford Dean. Fishes, Living and Fossil

     The density of the living medium of fishes exerts upon them a mechanical influence; they are, so to say, balanced in water, free to proceed in all planes of direction...

8. (複数形 media または mediums) A means, channel, agency or go-between through which communication, commerce, etc is conveyed or carried on, or by which an aim is achieved.
   • 2007, Reuben Gold Thwaites, Early Western Travels, 1748-1846, Reprint Services Corporation (→ISBN), page 186:

     His loyalty to the English was doubtful and wavering, and his opposition to Post's journey was probably due to fears that his own importance as a medium between the Ohio Indians and the English would be diminished by the former's success.

9. (複数形 mediums, spiritualism) Someone who supposedly conveys information from the spirit world.
   • 1926, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Land of Mist‎^[3]:

     The hall was not too well lit and dark shadows lurked in the corners. The medium still bent her head as if her ears were straining.

10. (複数形 mediums または media) A liquid base which carries pigment in paint.
11. (複数形 mediums または media, painting) A means of expression, in the arts, such as a material (oil, pastel, clay, etc) or method or style (expressionism, jazz, etc).

    Acrylics, oils, charcoal, and gouache are all mediums I used in my painting.

    • 1898, Missouri Department of Education, Report of the Public Schools of the State of Missouri, page 98:

      Heretofore in following the course, the student has been confined to black and white in the medium of charcoal, pen and ink or pencil. The first introduction to color is by means of the Still Life painting class.

    • 1966, John P. Sedgwick, Discovering Modern Art: The Intelligent Layman's Guide to Painting from Impressionism to Pop

      It was the woodcut, however, that emerged as the favorite graphic medium of Expressionism. Rejecting the almost limitless pictorial possibilities of lithography, which had dominated printmaking during the nineteenth century, […]

    • 1967, Barnet Kottler, Martin Light, The World of Words: A Language Reader:

      So we get a people in rebellion against a dominant majority, but forced to rebel secretly, to sublimate, as the psychologist would put it — to express themselves culturally through the medium of jaz , and linguistically through a code, a jargon  ...

    • 1974, Karl Siegfried Weimar, German Language and Literature: Seven Essays, Prentice Hall

      Prose is not the preferred medium of expressionism, yet some outstanding individual examples come to mind, for example: Robert Walser's (1876–1956) surrealistic miniatures and novels of a dreamlike structure reminiscent of Kafka […]

    • 1999, Jet, page 29:

      The Pulitzer board said the award was given “in recognition of his musical genius, which evoked aesthetically the principles of democracy through the medium of jazz and thus made an indelible contribution to art and culture.”

12. (複数形 media または mediums, engineering) The materials used to finish a workpiece using a mass finishing or abrasive blasting process.
13. (複数形 mediums) Anything having a measurement intermediate between extremes, such as a garment or container.
14. (複数形 mediums) A person whom garments or apparel of intermediate size fit.
15. (複数形 mediums, Ireland, dated, informal) A half-pint serving of Guinness (または other stout in some regions).
16. A middle place or degree.

    a happy medium

    • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists with Morals and Reflexions, London: R. Sare et al., Fable 215. An Oak and a Willow, Reflexion, p. 188,^[4]

      […] the Just Medium of This Case lies betwixt the Pride, and the Abjection of the Two Extreams.

    • 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, London: John Murray, Volume 2, Chapter 2, p. 29,^[5]

      Her height was pretty […] her figure particularly graceful; her size a most becoming medium, between fat and thin […]

    • 1850, Charles Dickens, David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, Chapter 44, p. 453,^[6]

      In search of the principle on which joints ought to be roasted, to be roasted enough, and not too much, I myself referred to the Cookery Book […] . But the principle always failed us by some curious fatality, and we never could hit any medium between redness and cinders.

17. (dated) An average; sometimes the mathematical mean.
    • 1769, Edmund Burke, Observations on a Late State of the Nation, London: J. Dodsley, p. 13,^[7]

      a medium of six years of war, and six years of peace

18. (logic) The mean or middle term of a syllogism, that by which the extremes are brought into connection.

派生語

• cool medium, hot medium
• (microbiology, nutrient solution): differential medium
• (person claiming to convey information from the spirit world): mediumistic, mediumism, mediumship
• (middle place または degree): happy medium, strike a medium

形容詞

medium (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Arithmetically average.
2. Of intermediate size, degree, amount etc.
3. Of meat, cooked to a point greater than rare but less than well done; typically, so the meat is still red in the centre.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:intermediate

派生語

• medium wave, mediumwave

関連する語

• mean
• mediate
• mediation
• mediator
• median
• mediocre
• mediocrity

副詞

medium (not comparable)

1. To a medium extent.

同意語

• mediumly

参照

• medium in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• medium in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

アナグラム

• edimmu

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈme.di.um/, [ˈmɛd̪iʊ̃ˑ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈme.di.um/, [ˈmɛːd̪ium]

形容詞

medium

1. inflection of medius:
   1. masculine accusative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular

名詞

medium n (genitive mediī または medī); second declension

1. middle, center, medium, midst
2. community, public, publicity

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生語

• e medio abeo
• in medio

派生した語

名詞

medium

1. accusative singular of medius
2. genitive singular of medius

参照

• medium in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• medium in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• medium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[8], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) the Mediterranean Sea: mare medium or internum
    
  • (ambiguous) the middle ages: media quae vocatur aetas
    
  • (ambiguous) manhood: aetas constans, media, firmata, corroborata (not virilis)
    
  • (ambiguous) to remove a person: e or de medio tollere
    
  • (ambiguous) to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things): foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare
    
  • (ambiguous) to leave a thing undecided: aliquid in medio, in dubio relinquere (Cael. 20. 48)
    
  • (ambiguous) elevated, moderate, plain style: genus dicendi grave or grande, medium, tenue (cf. Or. 5. 20; 6. 21)
    
  • (ambiguous) to bring a subject forward into discussion: in medium proferre aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) to publish, make public: in medio ponere (proponere)
    
  • (ambiguous) to break off in the middle of the conversation: medium sermonem abrumpere (Verg. Aen. 4. 388)
    
  • (ambiguous) to be neutral: medium esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be neutral: medium se gerere
    
  • (ambiguous) the centre of the marching column: agmen medium (Liv. 10. 41)
    
  • (ambiguous) the centre: media acies
    
  • (ambiguous) let us leave that undecided: hoc in medio relinquamus