bi-とは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Borrowed from Latin bi-, from Proto-Italic *dwi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-. Doublet of twi- and di-.

別の表記

• bin- (before some vowel-initial roots)
• bis-

接頭辞

bi-

1. Two in number.

   biarticular is affecting, or connecting two joints; biaxial is along two axes; bicoloured is of two colours

2. Having or possessing two of the root word's quality.

   biangular is having two angles or corners, biantheriferous is having two anthers, bicardial is having two separate hearts, bikont is a eukaryotic cell with two flagella; thought to be the ancestor of all plants

3. Both: referring to two as a set.

   biacetabular is relating to both acetabula, biallelic is of or pertaining to both alleles of a gene, bicaval is relating to both veins of the vena cava

4. Being different in two ways with respect to the root.

   biadjoint is adjoint in two different ways, biaffine is affine in two different ways, biclonal is having cell markers from two different cell lines

5. Forked, divided by two, halved; (chemistry, proscribed) half

   bifurcate is to divide or fork into two channels or branches, bicapitate is to divide something equally between two people or organisations, bicarinate is dividing into two points at the end

6. Double, twofold.

   bialgebroid is a double algebroid, bifarious is twofold, double, biarticulated is doubly articulated

7. (LGBTQ) Bisexual, relating to bisexuality.

   bicentric is having a bisexual bias or basis, biphobia is antipathy towards bisexuals, biromantic is romantically attracted to both males and females

8. (anatomy) Bilateral, on both sides of the body.

   biconcave is having both sides concave, biballism is ballism that affects both sides of the body

9. Twice.

   biannual is occurring twice a year, biannual is something occurring twice each year, biconjugate is paired twice

10. Every two; a rate of once every two.

    biannual is occurring once every two years; biennial, bicentennial is occurring every two hundred (200) years

11. A pair of; composed of two.

    bibrow is a pair of eyebrows which do not meet in the middle, as opposed to a unibrow, bicomplex is composed of a pair of complex numbers having certain defined properties

使用する際の注意点

In an old, common method used to indicate the presence of an acidic hydrogen, sodium hydrogen sulfate is called "sodium bisulfate" and sodium hydrogen carbonate is called "sodium bicarbonate". This method is not recommended by IUPAC and does not denote a “doubling up” of a specific group, which is reserved for the Greek prefix di-, as in carbon dioxide (“CO₂”).

The prefix bi in the older system comes from the observation that there is two times as much carbonate (CO₃) in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and other bicarbonates as in sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and other carbonates.

As a prefix for periods, bi- is ambiguously used to mean either “once every two periods” or “twice every period”; this is particularly acute for biweekly, bimonthly, and biannual. To avoid ambiguity, semi- or twice can be used to unambiguously mean “every half period” (thus twice every period) or “twice every period”, but there is no general way to refer unambiguously to “once every two periods”. In some cases a separate word is unambiguous, as in fortnightly (“every two weeks”), or biennial (“every two years”), but there is no word that unambiguously refers to “every two months”. Due to the ambiguity, some prefer to use explicit phrases, like “every two months” or “twice a month”.

同意語

• (multiple senses): di-, duo-

派生語

語源 2

From Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”).

接頭辞

bi-

1. (before a vowel) Alternative form of bio-.

   biont is a living organism

派生語

アナグラム

• IB, ib.

発音

• IPA: /ˈbiː/

語源 1

From bī (“by, near, around”).

接頭辞

bī-

1. near, around (compare Latin para-)

   ‎bi- + ‎nama → ‎bīnama (“pronoun”)

   ‎bi- + ‎word → ‎bīword (“proverb, byword”)

使用する際の注意点

• Occurred primarily in nouns.

派生語

• bīgenga (“inhabitant; observer; benefactor”)
• bīleofa (“support, sustenance, nourishment, capital”)
• bīswæc (“treachery”)

派生した語

• Middle English: by-, bi-
  • English: by-, be-
  • Scots: by-, be-

語源 2

接頭辞

bi-

1. alternative form of be-

別の表記

• be-, by-
• b- (in certain words)

発音

• IPA: /bi-/

接頭辞

bi-

1. A prefix forming transitive verbs from any content word, often denoting completion or thoroughness.
2. A prefix forming prepositions, often denoting adjacency, position, or relation.

派生語

派生した語

• English: be-
• Scots: be-

参照

• “bi-, pref.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “bi-, pref.(3).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

接頭辞

bi-

1. alternative form of by-

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈbɪ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈbiː]

接頭辞

bi-

1. having two parts
2. occurring twice

派生語

参照

Further reading

• “bi-”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “bi-” on page 231/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

固有名詞

BI

1. (Philippines) Initialism of Bureau of Immigration.

アナグラム

• IB, ib.