shirkとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) enPR: shûk, IPA^(key): /ʃɜːk/
• (General American) enPR: shûrk, IPA^(key): /ʃɝk/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)k

動詞

shirk (三人称単数 現在形 shirks, 現在分詞 shirking, 過去形および過去分詞形 shirked)

1. (transitive) To avoid, especially a duty, responsibility, etc.; to stay away from.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shirk

   • 1826, Julius Hare, Guesses at Truth by Two Brothers

     the usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties

   • 1989, “Gonna Find You”, in Operation Ivy (CD), Lookout Records, OCLC 932564365, performed by Operation Ivy:

     Back in school, you ever get busted for trynna walk and have some administrator tell you / "Son, you can shirk your obligations, / and try to be different from your peers, / but responsibility, your future / is gonna find you!"

2. (intransitive) To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away.

   If you have a job, don't shirk from it by staying off work.

   • September 7, 1830, Lord Byron, letter to Mr. Murray

     One of the cities shirked from the league.

3. (transitive) To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean solicitation.
   • 1635, Bishop Rainbow, Sermons

     You that never heard the call of any vocation, […] that shirk living from others, but time from yourselves.

名詞

shirk (複数形 shirks)

1. One who shirks, who avoids a duty or responsibility.

   Synonym: dodger

   • 1887, John Davis Billings, Hardtack and Coffee, Or, The Unwritten Story of Army Life, pages 101–102:

     I may add here that, coming as the soldiers did from all avocations and stations in life, these details for fatigue often brought together men few of whom had any practical knowledge of the work in hand; so that aside from the shirks, who could work but would not, there were other who would but could not, at least intelligently.

語源 2

Borrowed from Arabic شِرْك‎ (širk).

発音

• (non-rhotic) IPA^(key): /ʃɪɾk/

名詞

shirk (uncountable)

1. (Islam) The unforgivable sin of idolatry.
   • 2013, James R. White, What Every Christian Needs to Know About the Qur'an, Baker Books (→ISBN)

     A person can have committed shirk in their lifetime and still find forgiveness (especially by saying the Shahada かつ becoming a Muslim). The concept is that if one dies in this state (as a mushrik, an idolator, one who engages in かつ does not repent shirk), there is no forgiveness.

関連する語

• mushrik

Further reading

• shirk (Islam) on Wikipedia.

参照