makeshiftとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

1680s. From the verb form make shift.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/

名詞

makeshift (複数形 makeshifts)

1. A temporary (usually insubstantial) substitution.
   • 1871, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XVII, in Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life, volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, OCLC 948783829, book II (Old かつ Young), page 316:

     And I am not a model clergyman—only a decent makeshift.

   • 1923, Benjamin C. Marsh, "For the Community to Do", in The World tomorrow Volume 6

     Hoboism cannot be cured or prevented by makeshifts or by local measures and efforts, although community interest naturally is vital in dealing with a problem that comes home to every community.

形容詞

makeshift (comparative more makeshift, superlative most makeshift)

1. Made to work or suffice; improvised; substituted.

   They used the ledge and a few branches for a makeshift shelter.

   • 2012 May 26, Phil McNulty, “Norway 0-1 England”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Hodgson was able to introduce Arsenal teenager Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain for his debut late on as this makeshift England line-up closed out a victory that was solid for the most part without ever threatening to be spectacular.

語源 2

1560s. From make +‎ shift.

名詞

makeshift (複数形 makeshifts)

1. (obsolete) A rogue; a shifty person.
   • 1592, Harvey, Gabriel, “The First Letter”, in Four Letters and Certain Sonnets‎^[2], new edition, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, published 1814, A Due Commendation of the Quipping Author, page 2:

     Greene the coneycatcher, of this dream the author, / For his dainty devise deserveth the halter. / A rakehell, a makeshift, a scribbling fool; / A famous bayard in city and school: / Now sick as a dog, and ever brain-sick, / Where such a raving and desperate Dick?

動詞

make shift (三人称単数 現在形 makes shift, 現在分詞 making shift, 過去形および過去分詞形 made shift)

1. (dated) To contrive; to invent a way of surmounting a difficulty.
   • c. 1596–1598, William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Nerissa: How like you the young German, the Duke of Saxony's nephew?
     Portia: Very vilely in the morning, when he is sober, and most vilely in the afternoon, when he is drunk: when he is best, he is a little worse than a man, and when he is worst, he is little better than a beast. And the worst fall that ever fell, I hope I shall make shift to go without him.

   • 1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer:

     Ecod, I thank your worship, I'll make a shift to stay my stomach with a slice of cold beef in the pantry.

   • 1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, chapter 1:

     The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a noble race of men.

   • 1870–1871, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter 32, in Roughing It, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company [et al.], published 1872, OCLC 275036:

     We could find no matches, and so we tried to make shift with the pistols.

   • 1905, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Art of Writing:

     I was unable to handle a brig (which the Hispaniola should have been), but I thought I could make shift to sail her as a schooner without public shame.

   • 1922, John Buchan, Huntingtower, chapter 14:

     The military historian must often make shift to write of battles with slender data, but he can pad out his deficiencies by learned parallels.

使用する際の注意点

Often followed by various prepositions, including with and without [an item], by [doing something], and for [the replaced item or action]. The older construction followed by an infinitive verb is now obsolete or historic.

同意語

• make do, get along, get by

派生語

• makeshift

名詞

make-shift (複数形 make-shifts)

1. Alternative form of makeshift.
   • 1819 October 5, Charles Burrard, letter to Admiral George Campbell, reprinted in Transactions of the Society of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, Vol. XLVII, page 100:

     In making this report, it may be proper to state, that the weight of the established bower anchor of the Hind exceeds that of the make-shift by about five cwt...