sparkとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English sparke, sperke, from 古期英語 spearca, from Proto-West Germanic *sparkō (compare Saterland Frisian Spoorke, West Frisian spark, Dutch spark, German Low German Sparke, German Sparke), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sparkaz (“lively, energetic”), from Proto-Indo-European *sperg- (“to strew, sprinkle”) (compare Breton erc’h (“snow”), Latin spargō (“to scatter, spread”), sparsus (“scattered”), Lithuanian sprógti (“to germinate”), Ancient Greek σπαργάω (spargáō, “to swell”), Avestan ��������������������‎ (frasparega, “branch, twig”), Sanskrit पर्जन्य (parjanya, “rain, rain god”)).

名詞

spark (複数形 sparks)

1. A small particle of glowing matter, either molten or on fire, resulting from an electrical surge or excessive heat created by friction.
2. A short or small burst of electrical discharge.
3. A small, shining body, or transient light; a sparkle.
4. (figurative) A small amount of something, such as an idea or romantic affection, that has the potential to become something greater, just as a spark can start a fire.
   • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi]:

     if any spark of life be yet remaining

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:

     , Book IV, Chapter XVII

     But though we have, here and there, a little of this clear light, some sparks of bright knowledge

   • 2013 September 1, Phil McNulty, BBC Sport:

     Everton's Marouane Fellaini looks one certain arrival but Moyes, who also saw United held to a draw by Chelsea at Old Trafford on Monday, needs even more of a spark in a midfield that looked laboured by this team's standards.

5. Any of various lycaenid butterflies of the Indomalayan genus Sinthusa.
6. (in 複数形 sparks but treated as a 単数形) A ship's radio operator.
7. (UK, slang) An electrician.
   • 1999, Des Lyver, Graham Swainson, Basics of Video Lighting, page 103:

     At the other extreme, with limitless budgets all they have to do is dream up amazing lighting rigs to be constructed and operated by the huge team of gaffers and sparks, with their generators, discharge lights, flags, gobos and brutes.

8. (cellular automata) A small collection of cells which briefly appears at the edge of a larger pattern before dying off.

同意語

• (small particle of glowing matter): ember, gnast, funk
• (small amount of something, such as an idea, that has the potential to become something greater): beginnings, germ, glimmer

派生語

派生した語

• → Esperanto: sparko

動詞

spark (三人称単数 現在形 sparks, 現在分詞 sparking, 過去形および過去分詞形 sparked)

1. (transitive, figurative) To trigger, kindle into activity (an argument, etc).
   • 2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     The introduction of substitute Andy Carroll sparked Liverpool into life and he pulled a goal back just after the hour - and thought he had equalised as Kenny Dalglish's side laid siege to Chelsea's goal in the closing stages.

2. (transitive) To light; to kindle.
   • 2009, Alex Jenson, The Serotonin Grand Prix, page 12:

     Byron sparked the cigarette. He sucked it dramatically and thrust it into Marko's hand.

3. (transitive, of a gun) To shoot; to fire
   • 1998 November 10, “Grid Iron Rap” (track 17), in Tical 2000: Judgement Day‎^[2], performed by Method Man,Streetlife (rapper):

     [Streetlife]:Fuck a peace talk, let the gun spark, on the streets of New York.

   • 2004, “U Ain't A Killer” (track 10), in The War Mixtape‎^[3], performed by Akala (rapper):

     All of a sudden, everybody tuggin', everybody dark. Everybody gums runnin', 'til the guns spark.

   • 2022 February 22, “Raw Hip Hop” (track 2), in IMAMCRU12‎^[4], performed by KRS-One:

     Guns spark in the dark, it was all just a part of the eighties Bronx scene that created all.

4. (intransitive) To give off a spark or sparks.

派生語

• spark off
• sparkle

語源 2

Probably Scandinavian, akin to Old Norse sparkr (“sprightly”).

名詞

spark (複数形 sparks)

1. A gallant; a foppish young man.
   • 1718, Mat[thew] Prior, “Alma: Or, The Progress of the Mind”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […], →OCLC:

     The finest sparks and cleanest beaux.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volumes (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

     Jones had no sooner quitted the room, than the petty-fogger, in a whispering tone, asked Mrs Whitefield, “If she knew who that fine spark was?”

   • 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, I.ii:

     He will retrieve his errors yet—their worthy Father, once my honour'd master, was at his years nearly as wild a spark.

2. A beau, lover.

動詞

spark (三人称単数 現在形 sparks, 現在分詞 sparking, 過去形および過去分詞形 sparked)

1. (intransitive, archaic) To woo, court; to act the gallant or beau.

同意語

• make love, romance, solicit; see also Thesaurus:woo

派生語

• sparkish
• sparker

参照

• Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967

アナグラム

• K-spar, Karps, Parks, Praks, parks