parasiteとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/, /ˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/
• 韻: -aɪt
• ハイフネーション: par‧a‧site

名詞

parasite (複数形 parasites)

1. (derogatory) A person who lives on other people's efforts or expense and gives little or nothing back. [from 16th c.]
   • 2021 December 1, monamu98, “Thai and Korean netizens oppose debut of H1-Key's Sitala over father's alleged support of dictatorship”, in sportskeeda.com‎^[1], sportskeeda, retrieved 2021-12-03:

     A royalist who publicly called for a military intervention to protect the parasite monarchy.

   • 1902, Hilaire Belloc, The Path to Rome:

     Of all the corrupting effects of wealth there is none worse than this, that it makes the wealthy (かつ their parasites) think in some way divine, or at least a lovely character of the mind, what is in truth nothing but their power of luxurious living.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:scrounger

2. (derogatory) A sycophant or hanger-on.
3. (biology) An organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species, deriving benefit from living on or in that other organism, while not contributing towards that other organism sufficiently to cover the cost to that other organism.
   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 154:

     ...and the mistletoe crept round many of the oaks—that pleasant parasite, whose associations belong rather to the hearth and lighted hall than to its native branches.

   • 2013 March 1, Harold J. Morowitz, “The Smallest Cell”, in American Scientist‎^[2], volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 4 January 2017, page 83:

     It is likely that the long evolutionary trajectory of Mycoplasma went from a reductive autotroph to oxidative heterotroph to a cell-wall–defective degenerate parasite. This evolutionary trajectory assumes the simplicity to complexity route of biogenesis, a point of view that is not universally accepted.

   Lice, fleas, ticks and mites are widely spread parasites.

4. (literary, poetic) A climbing plant which is supported by a wall, trellis etc. [from 19th c.]
   • 1813, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Canto I”, in Queen Mab; […], London: […] P. B. Shelley, […], →OCLC, page 3:

     Her golden tresses shade / The bosom's stainless pride, / Curling like tendrils of the parasite / Around a marble column.

5. (historical) A retainer or companion of an ancient Celtic warrior, who praised him in song or poetry at gatherings; a bard.
6. (aviation) A component of a composite aircraft which is carried aloft and air-launched by a larger carrier aircraft or mother ship to support the primary mission of the carrier.

反意語

• commensal (doing no noticeable harm)
• mutualist or sometimes symbiote (beneficial)

派生語

参考

• symbiont
• obligate
• facultative

参照

• Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “parasite”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

アナグラム

• aspirate, pastiera, septaria

Latin

名詞

parasīte

1. vocative singular of parasītus