r o t Eとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 rote (“custom, habit, wont, condition, state”), further origin unknown. Found in the 中期英語 phrase bi rote (“by heart, according to form, expertly”), c. 1300. Some have proposed a relationship either with Old French rote/rute (“route”), or Latin rota (“wheel”) (see rotary), but the OED calls both suggestions groundless. Another explanation might be the metaphorical comparison between anything repetitive and playing the rote.

名詞

rote (uncountable)

1. Mechanical routine; a fixed, habitual, repetitive, or mechanical course of procedure.

   Synonym: roteness (uncommon)

   The pastoral scenes from those commercials don’t bear too much resemblance to the rote of daily life on a farm.

   He could perform by rote any of his roles in Shakespeare.

使用する際の注意点

• Commonly found in the phrase by rote and in attributive use: rote learning, rote memorization, and so on.
• Often used pejoratively in comparison with deeper learning that leads to understanding.

派生語

参考

• drill and kill
• memoriter
• muscle memory

形容詞

rote (comparative more rote, superlative most rote)

1. By repetition or practice and without much thought.
   • 2000, Ami Klin with Fred R. Volkmar and Sara S. Sparrow, Asperger syndrome, page 316:

     The former may be seen as a more rote form of learning, contrasting with the latter which appears to include "executive" aspects

動詞

rote (third-person singular simple present rotes, present participle roting, simple past and past participle roted)

1. (obsolete) To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate.
   • 1744, Zachary Grey, ann., Hudibras, in Three Parts, Written in the Time of the Late Wars: Corrected and Amended. With Large Annotations, and a Preface, by Zachary Grey, LL.D., vol. 2. Dublin: […] Robert Owen […] and William Brien […]. page 92:

     The Model of it was, That a third Part of the Senate or Parliament, ſhould rote out by Ballot every Year; […].

2. (transitive) To learn or repeat by rote.

   [Volumnia to Corolianus] "Because that it lies you on to speak/ to th' people, not by your own instruction,/ Nor by th' matter which your heart prompts you,/ But with such words that are but roted in/ your tongue,..." Coriolanus III.ii.52-55

語源 2

From Old Norse rót n (“tossing, pitching (of sea)”), perhaps related to rauta (“to roar”); see hrjóta. Compare 中期英語 routen (“to roar, bellow, storm, rage, howl”).

名詞

rote (uncountable)

1. (rare) The roar of the surf; the sound of waves breaking on the shore. [from c. 1600]

語源 3

From 中期英語 rote, from Old French rote, probably of German origin; compare Middle High German rotte, and English crowd (“a kind of violin”).

名詞

rote (plural rotes)

1. (music) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.
   • 1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:

     extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes

2. Synonym of crowd.

参照

• “rote”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• tore

形容詞

rōte

1. inflection of rōt:
   1. strong accusative feminine singular
   2. strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular
   3. strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural
   4. weak nominative feminine/neuter singular
   5. weak accusative neuter singular

別の表記

• root, roote, rot, rotæ

発音

• IPA: /ˈroːt(ə)/

名詞

rote (plural rotes or roten)

1. The root (submerged part of a plant):
   • 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

     Whan that Auerill w his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour […]

     When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]

   1. A root used as food; a root vegetable or tuber.
   2. A root employed for supposed curative or medical properties.
2. The foundation or base of a protuberance or extension of the body:
   1. The root of the hair; the part of the hair within the scalp.
   2. The root of the tooth; the part of the tooth within the scalp.
   3. The root of a nail; the part of a nail within the skin.
   4. The base or attached part of an organ or bodily member.
   5. The base or attached part of a swelling or boil.
3. Something which generates, creates, or emanates something:
   1. The origin of an abstract quality; that which something originally came from.
      • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Tymothe ·i· 6:10, folio 84, recto; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

        foꝛ þe roote of alle yuelis is coueitiſe / whiche ſummen coueitynge .· erriden fro þe feiþ. / ⁊ biſettiden hem wiþ manye ſoꝛewis

        And the root of all wrongs is covetousness, which some yearned for and strayed from the faith; they've unleashed many sorrows upon themselves.

   2. A wellspring or exemplar of an abstract quality that which something comes from.
   3. The offspring of a certain individual or nation as a progenitor; a lineage or descent.
      • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Apocalips 5:5, folio 119, recto; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

        ⁊ oon of the eldere men ſeide to me / wepe þou not / lo! a lioun of the lynage of iuda .· þe roote of dauiþ haþ ouercomen to opene þe book · ⁊ to vndoon þe ſeuene ſeelis of it

        And one of the elders said to me: "Don't weep. Look, a lion of the people of Judah and the stock of David has arrived to open the book and undo its seven seals."

4. The foundation of a tall structure (e.g. a trunk, pole, turret)
5. The (or a key) foundational or core condition, essence or portion of something.
6. One who descends from another; a member of an individual's lineage or stock.
   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Apocalips 22:16, folio 118, verso; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     I iheſus ſente min aungel to witneſſe. to ȝou þeſe þingis in chirchis I am þe roote ⁊ þe kyn of Dauid .· ⁊ þe ſchynynge moꝛewe ſterre

     "I, Jesus, sent my angel to deliver all of you these things in churches. I'm the scion and descendant of David and (I'm) the shining morning star."

7. The base of a peak or mount; the beginning of an elevation.
8. A protuberance resembling or functioning like a root.
9. The most inner, central, or deepest part of something.
10. (rare, astronomy) Data used for astronomical purposes.
11. (rare, mathematics) A mathematical root.

関連する語

• roten (“to root”)
• rotynge (“rooting”)

派生した語

• English: root, wrout, rout (dialectal), wroot (obsolete)
  • → Irish: rúta
• Scots: ruit, rute

参照

• “rọ̄te, n.(4).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 23 February 2019.

語源 2

Unknown. Sometimes connected to Old French route (“route”) or Latin rota (“wheel”), but OED rejects both comparisons.

別の表記

• root, roote

発音

• IPA: /ˈrɔːt(ə)/

名詞

rote (uncountable)

1. Traditional, customary, usual, or habitual behaviour or procedure.

派生した語

• English: rote

参照

• “rōte, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 22 February 2019.

語源 3

Borrowed from Old French rote, from Latin chrotta, borrowed from a Germanic form such as Old High German hruoza, borrowed itself from a Celtic term deriving from Proto-Celtic *kruttos; compare Welsh crwth. A doublet of crowde.

別の表記

• rotte, roote, roowte

発音

• IPA: /ˈrɔːt(ə)/

名詞

rote (plural rotys)

1. A musical instrument having strings and similar to a harp.

派生した語

• English: rote
• Scots: rote (rare, obsolete)

参照

• “rōte, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 22 February 2019.

語源 4

動詞

rote

1. alternative form of roten (“to rot”)

語源 5

動詞

rote

1. alternative form of roten (“to root”)

語源 6

形容詞

rote

1. alternative form of roten (“rotten”)

語源 7

名詞

rote

1. alternative form of rot