「貨幣の流通」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(2ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

第百四十九条　行使の目的で、日本国内に流通している外国の貨幣、紙幣又は銀行券を偽造し、又は変造した者は、二年以上の有期懲役に処する。例文帳に追加

Article 149 (1) A person who counterfeits or alters a foreign coin, bank note or bill which is used in transaction in Japan for the purpose of uttering shall be punished by imprisonment with work for a definite term of not less than 2 years.  - 日本法令外国語訳データベースシステム

義懐と惟成は荘園整理令の発布、貨幣流通の活性化など、革新的な政治を行ったが、程なくして天皇が退位したのに殉じて遁世した。例文帳に追加

Yoshichika and Koreshige carried out aggressive political reform by issuing the Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates and/or trying to activate the money circulation; however, soon after that they left the Imperial Palace following the Emperor's abdication of the throne.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

農業生産の向上や商工業及び交通の発達によって貨幣流通が盛んになるにつれて広く行われるようになり、室町時代には最初から銭納を想定した公事に対してもこの名称が用いられた。例文帳に追加

It was widespread, as money became circulating more rapidly due to agricultural production increase, and development of commerce, industry, and transportation; and in the Muromachi period, this name was also applied to kuji which was decided to be paid by money from the beginning.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

また、流通経済が発達しなかったため銀などの貨幣による売買が成立せず自給自足が基本の朝鮮民とは物々交換などで食料の調達を行わなければならなかった。例文帳に追加

In addition, as distribution economy had not developed, selling and buying using currency such as silver did not exist and procurement of food had to be conducted by barter exchange with Korean people who had been living by self-sufficient economy.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

鎌倉中期から徐々に発展してきた貨幣経済や商業・流通経済を政策に取り込んだ体制の維持の成功は、豊臣秀吉や蒲生氏郷など多くの模倣者や追随者を生んだ。例文帳に追加

He succeeded in maintaining this system by adopting a monetary economy and commodity markets which gradually developed after the mid-Kamakura period; this success also gave rise to many imitators and followers such as Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Ujisato GAMO.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

しかしながら、高額貨幣は、東日本は金貨（小判）が、西日本は銀貨（丁銀）が流通の基本となっており、その相場も日々変動したため、両替商などの金融業を発達した。例文帳に追加

However, in the eastern Japan gold coins (koban) were circulated as large denomination coins, while in the western Japan, silver coins (chogin), and the exchange rate fluctuated on a daily basis, the financial industry including money brokers developed.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

当時流通していた元文小判の1/2の量目であるが、品位が約14%低く出目獲得を目的とし、補助貨幣に位置すべきものであった。例文帳に追加

Shinbun nibuban had half the ryome (weighed value) of Genbun koban (which was in circulation at that time), and it was 14% lower in terms of its karat value; it was positioned as a subsidiary currency since it was issued to make a profit through recoining.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

富本銭発行直後に贋金（私鋳銭）を禁じる法令が出されたとする記録がなく、その最初の例が和同開珎発行後であること（もし、富本銭が流通貨幣ならば、贋金の存在を放置していたことになる）。例文帳に追加

There is no record of an act that prohibits shichusen (counterfeit money) just after the issue of Fuhonsen coin, and such act was first established only after the issue of Wado-kaichin, which means shichusen was allowed if Fuhonsen coin was circulating money.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

幕府自体は、貨幣流通にこだわり続けたが、幕末の慶応3年（1867年）に江戸横浜通用札、江戸および関八州通用札、兵庫開港札の三種類の金札紙幣を発行した。例文帳に追加

The shogunate kept trying to circulate coins, but in 1867, at the end of the Edo period, they finally issued three kinds of kinsatsu such as the Edo Yokohama Tsuyo-satsu, the Edo and Kanhassyu Tsuyo-satsu and the Hyogokaiko-satsu.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

商品流通・貨幣経済の発展に伴い、諸物価の基準であった米価は江戸時代を通じて下落を続け、「米価安の諸色高」と言われた状況にあった。例文帳に追加

As goods distribution and a monetary economy developed, the rice price, which served as a standard of other commodities' price, continued falling throughout the Edo period, so people then said that rice price was low while other commodities' was high.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

新貨幣生産を担うべき造幣局予定地の火災（明治2年11月）による設備の焼失や、市場に流通する偽金・不換紙幣の整理に時間を割かれたためである。例文帳に追加

It was because it took a lot of time to recover from the destruction of facilities by fire (in November 1869) at the planned site of Mint Bureau which was to produce new currencies, and to clean up fake money and inconvertible paper currencies circulating in the market.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

さらに、膽澤開珎、加越能通用、阿州通宝および土佐官券の類は試鋳貨幣にとどまり現存も数品を数える様な稀少なものがほとんどであり、流通した形跡は全く確認されていない。例文帳に追加

Furthermore, currencies such as Isawa Kaichin, Kaetsuno Tuyo, Ashu Tuho, and Tosa Kanken stayed in the trial phase of currency minting, and there are few actual coins left without any evidence of actual use.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

万延二分判（まんえんにぶばん）は万延元年（1860年）4月10日より発行され、2枚の量目では同時に発行された万延小判を上回るが、含有金量では劣る名目貨幣で一両あたりの含有金量では江戸時代を通じて最低のものであり、発行高は万延小判をはるかに凌ぎ、金貨流通の主導権を握り、小判に代わり事実上の本位貨幣的地位を制した。例文帳に追加

Manen nibuban was issued from May 30, 1860 and the ryome of two coins was more than Manen nibuban that was issued at the same time, however it was nominal money having the least content of gold through the Edo period and the issued amount was much more than Manen koban taking initialtive of gold coin distribution and it was positioned as standard coin in effect in place of koban.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

豊臣時代および江戸時代には、小判などの貨幣に刻印されたため、全国に流通したことにより政府を表す紋章としての地位を確立した。例文帳に追加

Since it was incused on money such as koban during Toyotomi period and Edo period and circulated across the country, it was well-established as the Monsho representing Japanese government.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

商業が盛んになり、貨幣経済が各地へゆきわたったことを背景として、酒は、米と同等の経済価値を持った商品として流通するようになった。例文帳に追加

The flourishing of commerce and the spread of the monetary economy in various places led to the distribution of sake as a product which had the same economic value as rice.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

そのため、16世紀になると室町幕府や守護大名、戦国大名たちは撰銭を禁ずる撰銭令（えりぜにれい）を発令して、円滑な貨幣流通を実現しようとした。例文帳に追加

Thus, in the sixteenth century the Muromachi bakufu, Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable), and daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku Period tried to officially announce a ban on the Erizeni to achieve smoother money circulation.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

そのため、16世紀になると室町幕府や守護大名、戦国大名たちは撰銭を制限し、あるいは禁ずる撰銭令（えりぜにれい）を発令して、円滑な貨幣流通を実現しようとした。例文帳に追加

Therefore, entering the 16th century, the Muromachi bakufu, shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku period restricted the erizeni act or issued erizenirei (a ban on the erizeni act) to achieve smooth circulation of the currencies.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

金本位制の理念は古くからあったと思われるが、金貨は貨幣として実際に流通させるには希少価値が高過ぎたため、蓄財用として退蔵されるか、せいぜい高額決済に用いられるかであった。例文帳に追加

The idea of gold standard system is thought to have long been existed, but gold coins were too valuable to be circulated for practical purposes as a currency, so people hoarded gold for accumulation of wealth or spent it only for expensive payments.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

第二に、長崎貿易は大幅な輸入超過であることを鑑み（つまり、金銀が海外に流出することを意味した。金銀の海外流出は貨幣の裏づけが金銀である以上、国内の貨幣流通量を減少させることとなり、景気を冷え込ませることを意味した）、1715年海舶互市新例（長崎新令）を発布し、長崎貿易を制限した。例文帳に追加

The second action taken in considering Japan's import surplus through the trade in Nagasaki, was restricting the international trade through Nagasaki by issuing a new law in 1715 to limit the amount of international trade called 'Kaihakugoshi shinrei' or 'Nagasaki shinrei' (which meant that gold and silver were drained out of Japan; and the outflow of gold and silver meant the decrease of the domestic circulation of money and eventually indicated the risk of cooling economy because the currency was backed by the amount of gold and silver at that time).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

一方、明治8年（1875年）に大蔵省が刊行した『新旧金銀貨幣鋳造高并流通年度取調書』の中で、世上流通高を10万両、海外流出高を410万両と見積もり、元禄小判などへの改鋳高を10,527,055両として推定した数値によれば、小判および一分金の合計で14,727,055両である。例文帳に追加

On the other hand, Koban and Ichibukin were cast 14,727,055 ryo in total,estimating the amount of circulation in the country 100,000 ryo and in the foreign countries 4,100,000 ryo and the amount of the reminted coin such as Genroku Koban 10,527,055 ryo, according to " The Book of interrogation copy about the year and old high gold and silver coinage".  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

最終的に徳川家康による領国貨幣とも言うべき慶長小判慶長丁銀が全国統一により公鋳貨幣としての地位を築くことになるが、多額に上る慶長金銀の海外流出などにより地方まで充分に行き渡らなかったため通貨の全国統一を達成するには至らず、依然、各地銀山から発行される極印銀などの領国貨幣が並行して通用し、国内で不足気味の慶長金銀を補佐する役割を果たしていたため幕府も流通を黙認し、また諸国大名が、参勤交代のとき中央貨幣である慶長金銀と交換するための手段としても用いられた。例文帳に追加

Keicho koban (oval gold coin) and keicho chogin (oval silver coin), which can be considered as ryogoku kahei issued by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, eventually established their position as an official currency cast by the government for the unification of the whole country, but were not made sufficiently available in the chiho (regions) because a large amount of Keicho gold and silver flowed out to foreign countries, failing in the nation-wide currency unification, and therefore, ryogoku kahei such as chiho hallmark silver issued by silver mines at various places, were still used in parallel, serving to fill the shortage of Keicho gold and silver, silently allowed to circulate, and used by daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) of various provinces also as a means to exchange with Keicho gold coins, the central currency at the time of Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo).  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ところが、天皇と義懐、そして父の代からの側近で天皇の乳兄弟でもある藤原惟成が中心となって推進した荘園整理令などの新制の発布、貨幣流通の活性化など、革新的な政策は関白の藤原頼忠らとの確執を招いた。例文帳に追加

However, innovative policies such as promulgation of a new system including shoen seiri rei (Manor Regulation Acts) and vitalization of currency circulation that were promoted mainly by the emperor, Yoshichika and FUJIWARA no Koreshige, who was close to the emperor since the age of his father and a foster brother of the emperor caused conflicts with FUJIWARA no Yoritada, who was the kanpaku, etc.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

だが、皇朝十二銭の廃絶などで貨幣流通が衰退する一方で代納品による租税の物納やそれに伴う交易による中央への上供品の購入が一般化すると、交換の価値基準としての估価が求められるようになった。例文帳に追加

However, with the elimination of Kocho-Junisen (twelve coins casted in Japan), circulation of currency fell, and on the other hand, with the wide-spread use of in-kind tax payments and purchasing goods from the trade related to the in-kind tax payments to deliver to the central government, koka was called for as the standards for prices.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

価値の異なる原価をもった同一額面の通貨が同時に流通しようとするとき、人々は原価の高い貨幣（良貨）を集めて死蔵し、あるいはそれを元手に融解して多くの悪貨を生み出し、良貨が市場から消滅してインフレを招くという考え方。例文帳に追加

This indicates the following concept: When two coins have the same face value, but are made at different costs are circulated at the same time, people collect coins with a higher value (high-quality coins) and keep them, not using them, or melt them to mint many lower-quality coins, and therefore, high-quality coins disappear from the market and inflation ensues.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

明治時代に引換回収された天保通寳は5億8674万枚にも上り、これは金座および貨幣司が鋳造したものを1億枚以上も上回る数であり、かつ流通高のすべてが回収されたわけではないため、密鋳は2億枚程度に達したものと思われる。例文帳に追加

The Tenpo-tsuho coins immobilized and exchanged during the Meiji period totaled 586,740,000 which is 100 million more coins than those minted at the kin-za and the Kaheishi, and considering not all the Tenpo-tsuho coins were immobilized, the number of coins secretly minted is thought the be around 200 million.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

金本位制が法的に初めて実施されたのは、1816年、イギリスの貨幣法（55GeorgeIII.c.68）でソブリン金貨（発行は1817年）と呼ばれる金貨に自由鋳造、自由融解を認め、唯一の無制限法貨としてこれを1ポンドに流通させることになってからである。例文帳に追加

The first legal implementation of gold standard system was Coinage act (55 GeorgeIII.c.68) in 1816, England, in which the country gave the governmental recognition of free coinage and melting to the gold coin called sovereign (coined in 1817) and circulated the coin as the only unrestrained legal currency, one pound.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

1420年の回礼使である宋希景は乞食が食物ではなく銭を欲しがるような貨幣経済の発達に対して驚きの声を上げた（その時の李氏朝鮮では、都市部で楮貨という紙幣が流通していた程度で、貨幣経済と呼ぶに足るものが成立しておらず、布・米を媒体とした物々交換が主であったため）といった記録が残っており、また、朝鮮で後に飢饉を救ったサツマイモ（宝暦度1764年（宝暦14年））や揚水式水車など、日本から相応の文物を持ち帰っていたようである。例文帳に追加

A document records that Kiei SO (宋希景), a kaireishi (an officer sent to Japan responding to an envoy sent by Japan) sent to Japan in 1420, gave an exclamation of surprise about the highly progressed monetary economy that even a beggar wanted money instead of food (this was because, in Korea at that time, paper money called Choka was circulated only in urban areas, with no system that could be called a monetary economy established yet, and the economy was centered on barter trade based on the media of rice and cloth), and in addition, it is likely that the envoy from Korea brought back products of culture necessary for them, such as sweet potato that rescued Korean people from a famine in Korea in later years (1764) and water-pumping wheels.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

開港場では6月2日より1ドル銀貨との引き換えが始まったが、この二朱銀は開港場のみでしか通用せず、もともと日本国内全般に含有銀量の多い二朱銀を流通させることが困難であり、一般に流通しているのは依然一分銀であったため、国内では一分銀に両替しないと通用しないと定められた大凡貨幣としての機能を欠くものであった。例文帳に追加

These Nishu gin silver coins started to be exchanged with one-dollar silver coins at treaty ports on June 2, but they could be used only in those ports and lacked functions of a common currency because they had to be exchanged into ichibu-gin silver coins for domestic use, for it was difficult to distribute Nishu gin silver coins, which contained comparatively much silver, all over Japan in the first place, and ichibu-gin silver coins were still generally in circulation.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

「右の子細〔貨幣流通の弊害を指す〕どもをつねづねよく心得居て、総体正物にて取引すべき事は少々不便利はありとも、やはり正物にて取引をして金銀の取引のすぢをばなるべきだけはこれを省き、なほまたさまざまの金銀のやりくりなどをも、なるべきだけは随分これを止め、またなすべきことを金銀にて仕切るやうのすぢはなほ更無用にあらまほしきことなり」例文帳に追加

You should always keep in mind the above details (the negative effect of money circulation) and deal in real things though it is a little inconvenient to deal in real things all the time, and avoid the transaction by gold and silver as much as possible, and stop to handle gold and silver as much as possible, and also, it is desirable that gold and silver would not limit what you have to do.'  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

幕府は、それまで流通していた古丁銀、極印銀などの領国貨幣に代え、慶長銀による秤量銀貨の統一を理想としたが、貿易対価の支払いによる多額に上る海外流出のため地方まで慶長銀が充分に行渡らず、通貨の統一には元禄銀の登場を待たねばならなかった。例文帳に追加

The ideal of bakufu was to use solely keicho-gin by unification of weight standard in place of currency of daimyo's territory such as kocho-gin and gokuin-gin that had been used before that, but keicho-gin was not distributed as far as local areas since a large amount of money was distributed to foreign countries as a result of payment of trade, and thereby they had to wait for arrival of genroku-gin for unification of currency.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

元明朝においても国制改革はさらに加速し、和銅元年（708年）には、初の流通貨幣である和同開珎の発行、および長安の造形に倣った本格的都城となる平城京遷都の詔が発せられた（平城京は長安と同じく大極殿を北端に置く。実際の遷都は2年後の和銅3年）。例文帳に追加

During the reign of Empress Genmei, the national reform further accelerated, and in 708, the first currency Wado-kaichin was issued and an imperial decree to announce the transferring of the capital to Heijo-kyo, which was the full-scale capital modeled after Changan, was issued. (As in Changan, Daigokuden in Heijo-kyo was located at the northernmost part. The transfer of the capital was realized two years later in 710.)  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

木戸はこの事情を知って、4月17日付で吉井友実に託して大久保に送った手紙において、貨幣の流通の現状は「全身不随」であり、このような状況を放置しては大政一新（明治維新）はままならないこと、そして遠回しながら薩摩藩が自ら贋貨製造の事実を明らかにしなければ、維新における薩摩藩の名声は地に落ちることになると説いた。例文帳に追加

KIDO found out about these circumstances, and on a letter dated April 17 which he entrusted Tomozane YOSHII and sent to OKUBO, he explained that the present situation of the currency circulation is 'totally paralyzed,' and that if this situation is left alone the Imperial Rule Restoration (Meiji Restoration) would not go as they wanted, along with indirectly saying that if the Satsuma Domain did not reveal by themselves the fact that they were manufacturing counterfeit money, the Satsuma Domain's reputation regarding the restoration would be ruined.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

所定の金額を単位にして１ポイントとして設定し、支出する金銭の額に応じたポイント数に所定の換算値を乗算することにより、現在流通している貨幣と同等の価値を有するバーチャルマネーに変換し、この変換されたバーチャルマネーを、商品を購入する売買代金を含む消費金銭に還元するようにしたことである。例文帳に追加

A prescribed amount is set as one point and the number of points corresponding to an amount to be paid is multiplied by a specific conversion value to convert the points into virtual money having the same value with the currently circulated currency; and the virtual money obtained by the conversion is returned to consumption money including the selling/buying price of commodities. - 特許庁

インターネット上に限定することにより、法人又は個人間の顧客間における約束可能なシステムををインターネット市場管理法人が提供することにより仮想国際通貨を発生させ国連承認国家の政府保証により発行される流通通貨貨幣から交換を提供することにより仮想国際通貨を提供し、国際間による通貨変動の格差を無くすことが可能となる。例文帳に追加

An Internet market management corporate body provides a system agreeable between customers such as between corporate bodies or individuals by limiting it onto the Internet, whereby a virtual international currency is generated. - 特許庁

ところが、平家と後白河法皇の確執が深まった治承3年（1179年）、宋銭による資金力が平家を台頭させたと考える法皇の意を受けた松殿基房や九条兼実が「宋銭は（日本の）朝廷で発行した貨幣ではなく、私鋳銭（贋金）と同じである」として、宋銭流通を禁ずるように主張した。例文帳に追加

Meanwhile, in 1179 when discord between the Taira family and the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa deepened, Motofusa MATSUDONO and Kanezane KUJO, with the intention of the Cloistered Emperor who thought the funds the Taira family got through the Sung currency was the source of their emergence, insisted on banning the circulation of the Sung currency as 'they are not coins that (Japanese) Imperial Court issued and they are the same as Shichusen (counterfeit money)'.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

東国には甲斐国の黒川金山を始めとして、伊豆国の土肥鉱山、常陸国および陸奥国と金鉱山が多く偏在し、さらに江戸時代初期は多額に上る銀の日本国外流出に対し、主に中国から印子金（いんすきん）が輸入されていたため貨幣鋳造用地金の準備も整い、また家康は甲州金を手本とし基本通貨を金貨とする方針であったことから、「江戸の金遣い」と呼ばれるように、小判は江戸を中心とする関東地方で主に流通した。例文帳に追加

Koban was circulated mostly in Kanto region around Edo as it was called 'financial habit of Edo', because in Togoku, there were many gold mines such as Kurokawa Kinzan (Kurokawa Gold Mine) in Kai Province, Doi Mine in Izu Province, Hitachi Province and Mutsu Province, in addition, the preparation of metal for currency casting was completed as Insu gold was imported mainly from China against the outflow of the large sum of silver from Japan in the early Edo period, and Ieyasu planned to make gold basic currency after the Koshu gold.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

交換された貨幣が日本国内において一般に流通するものではなく、かつ1ドル銀貨の日本国内での購買力を1/3に低下させるというこの政策にハリスおよびラザフォード・オールコックら外国人大使は条約違反であると強く抗議し、6月22日、幕府は手落ちを認め以後は1ドル銀貨を一分銀3枚で引き換えるよう開港場奉行に申し渡し翌23日に通用が停止された。例文帳に追加

Such Japanese policies, in which one-dollar silver coins were exchanged with coins which were not generally circulated in Japan and the buying strength of one-dollar coins in Japan was lowered to one-third, provoked harsh protests from foreign ambassadors including HARRIS and Rutherford ALCOCK, who insisted that such policies violated the treaty, and so the bakufu, admitting its mistake, ordered kaikojo-bugyo (commissioner of treaty port) to exchange a one-dollar silver coin with three ichibu-gin silver coins from June 22, and terminated circulation of Ansei Nishu silver coins on the next day, June 23.  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス