Majorityとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle French maiorité, from Medieval Latin maiōritātem, accusative of Latin maiōritās, from Latin maior (“greater”). Morphologically major +‎ -ity.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /məˈd͡ʒɒ.ɹɪti/
• (米国発音) IPA: /məˈd͡ʒɑ.ɹɪti/, /məˈd͡ʒɔɹ.ɪti/
• 韻: -ɒɹɪti

名詞

majority (countable and uncountable, plural majorities)

1. More than half (50%) of some group.

   Synonym: absolute majority

   Antonym: minority

   Hyponyms: absolute majority, double majority, qualified majority, silent majority, simple majority, supermajority

   Coordinate terms: plurality, relative majority

   The majority agreed that the new proposal was the best.

   Those opposing the building plans were in the majority, so the building project was canceled.

   • 1803, Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution:

     The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice.

   • 1920, Champ Clark, Democratic Achievement:

     But in 1912 the American people gave the Democrats another opportunity, and under the leadership of Woodrow Wilson we swept the country from sea to sea. At the end of that historic contest we had the Presidency, the Senate by a working majority, and the House by an overwhelming majority.

   • 2022 December 30, Gregory Wallace, “Insiders at Southwest reveal how the airline’s service imploded”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 25 July 2024:

     They and the airline itself described an internal process that requires multiple departments to manually redesign the airline’s schedule – a system that works “the vast majority of the time,” Southwest said in a statement.

2. (uncommon, loosely) Any share or fraction that is bigger than any one of its counterpart shares or fractions (of the same whole).

   Hyponyms: absolute majority, simple majority, relative majority, plurality

3. In a parliament or legislature, the difference in seats between the ruling party and the opposition; (UK) in an election, the difference in votes between the winning candidate and the second-place candidate, or between the winning candidate and all of the other candidates combined.

   The ruling party had a narrow three-seat majority in the legislature.

   The winner with 53% had a 6% majority over the loser with 47%.

   • 2021 October 17, Harry Enten, “Why neither party has a sustainable political majority”, in CNN‎, archived from the original on 5 March 2022:

     Now, there is talk of Democrats potentially being locked out of a Senate majority for a time to come because of trends in the electorate. […] This shouldn’t be surprising. As political analyst Sean Trende posited in the book “The Lost Majority,” history is filled with examples of majorities falling apart and the parties coming in and out of power.

4. (dated) Legal adulthood, age of majority.

   By the time I reached my majority, I had already been around the world twice.

5. (UK) The office held by a member of the armed forces in the rank of major.

   On receiving the news of his promotion, Charles Snodgrass said he was delighted to be entering his majority.

   • 1925, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, chapter 8, in The Great Gatsby, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1953, →ISBN, page 150:

     He was a captain before he went to the front, and following the Argonne battles he got his majority and the command of the divisional machine-guns.

6. Ancestors; ancestry.
   • 1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:

     Of evil parents an evil generation, a posterity not unlike their majority; of mischievous progenitors, a venomous and destructive progeny.

使用する際の注意点

• Not to be confused with a plurality, i.e. the greatest share of a total (which may be less than half).
• In cases of votes, the terms simple majority or relative majority are used to explicitly clarify a motion needs more votes in support of a proposal than against it; whereas the term absolute majority refers to more than half of all votes cast, including blanks and abstentions.

派生語

関連する語

Collocations

参考

参考

• Thesaurus:quantifier

Further reading

• “majority”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “majority”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “majority”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
• majority in Britannica Dictionary