thewとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English thew, theow, from 古期英語 þēow, þēo (“servant, slave; servile, not free, bond”), from Proto-Germanic *þewaz, *þegwaz (“servant; subject, servile”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekwos (“runner”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). Cognate with Old High German diu (“servant”) and dio (“unfree”), Gothic �������� (þius, “bondman, slave, servant”), Dutch dienen (“to serve”), German dienen (“to serve”), 古期英語 þegn (“servant, minister, vassal”).

名詞

thew (複数形 thews)

1. (obsolete) A bondman; a slave.

形容詞

thew (comparative more thew, superlative most thew)

1. (obsolete) Bond; servile.

語源 2

From Middle English thewen, from 古期英語 þēowan, þȳwan (“to press, impress, force, press on, urge on, drive, press with a weapon, thrust, pierce, stab, threaten, rebuke, subjugate, crush, push, oppress, check”), from Proto-Germanic *þewjaną (“to enslave, oppress”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). Cognate with Middle Dutch douwen, Middle Low German duwen, Middle High German diuhen, dūhen, diuwen (“to oppress”).

動詞

thew (三人称単数 現在形 thews, 現在分詞 thewing, 過去形および過去分詞形 thewed)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To oppress; enslave.

語源 3

From Middle English thew, theaw (often in 複数形 thewes), from 古期英語 þēaw (“usage, custom, general practise of a community, mode of conduct, manner, practise, way, behaviour”). Cognate with Old Frisian thāw, Old Saxon thau (“custom”). possibly reflected in an Old High German *dou (“discipline, coercion, tuition”); West Germanic *þawwaz (“custom, habit”), of unknown etymology, by EWAhd tentatively identified as a reflex of an s-less variant of Proto-Indo-European (s)tāu- (s)te- (“to stand, place”).^[1]

名詞

thew (複数形 thews)

1. Muscle or sinew.
   • 1927, P. G. Wodehouse, 'The Small Bachelor', Arrow, 2008, page 247

     As a rule, the Purple Chicken catered for the intelligentsia of the neighbourhood, and these did not run to thews and sinews. On most nights in the week you would find the tables occupied by wispy poets and slender futurist painters...

   • 1960, Thomas Pynchon, Low-Lands

     Fortune’s elf child and disinherited darling, young and randy and more a Jolly Jack Tar than anyone human could conceivably be; thews and chin taut against a sixty-knot gale with a well-broken-in briar clenched in the bright defiant teeth

2. A good quality or habit; virtue.
   • c. 1379, Geoffrey Chaucer, The House of Fame, 1829-34, [1]

     To tellen al the tale aright, / We ben shrewes, every wight, / And han delyt in wikkednes, / As gode folk han in goodnes; And Ioye to be knowen shrewes, / And fulle of vyce and wikked thewes;

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, in Dorothy Stephens (ed.), The Faerie Queene, Books Three and Four, Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006, Book IV, Canto 9, Stanza 14, p. 391,

     He with good thewes and speaches well applyde, / Did mollifie, and calme her raging heat.

3. (usually in the plural) An attractive physical attribute, especially muscle; mental or moral vigour.
   • c. 1599, William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act I, Scene 3, 495-8 [2]

     For nature crescent does not grow alone / In thews and bulk; but as this temple waxes, / The inward service of the mind and soul / Grows wide withal.

   • 1892, Walt Whitman, "Song of the Open Road" in Leaves of Grass (abridged reprint of the 1892 edition), New York: Modern Library, 1921, Stanza 10, p. 130, [3]

     He travelling with me needs the best blood, thews, endurance, / None may come to the trial till he or she bring courage and health,

   • 1896, A. E. Housman, "Reveille" in A Shropshire Lad, [4]

     Up, lad: thews that lie and cumber / Sunlit pallets never thrive; / Morns abed and daylight slumber / Were not meant for man alive.

   • 1998: B.A. Roberts, Battle Magic – As I pull two Mercian shafts from my bloodied thews.

派生語

動詞

thew (三人称単数 現在形 thews, 現在分詞 thewing, 過去形および過去分詞形 thewed)

1. Instruct in morals or values; chastise.

派生語

• thewed

参照