英和和英

別の表記

• ’s

語源

Contractions of various words ending in s.

発音

• (after voiceless consonants except /s/, /ʃ/, /t͡ʃ/) enPR: s, IPA: /s/
• (after a sibilant or affricate)
  • (英国発音) enPR: ĭz, IPA: /ɪz/
  • (米国発音) enPR: ĭz, əz, IPA: /ɪz/, /əz/
  • (Australian) enPR: əz, IPA: /əz/
• (elsewhere) enPR: z, IPA: /z/
• Homophone: -s

動詞

’s (clitic)

1. Contraction of is.

   The dog’s running after me!

2. Contraction of has.

   The dog’s been chasing the mail carrier again.

3. (proscribed, dialectal, Southern US) Contraction of was.

   It’s a beautiful day yesterday so I’s at the park.

4. (informal) Contraction of does, used only with the auxiliary meaning of does and only after interrogative words.

   What’s he do for a living?

   What’s it say?

   What’s it mean? It means nothing.

   How’s it work?

   Where’s the n in Javanese come from?

使用する際の注意点

• Like 've, in many dialects, -'s is only used to mark the perfect aspect ("He's finished his work" = "He has finished his work"), not to signify possession ("She has something"), necessity ("It has to end"), etc. In others, 's is used more broadly; this is sometimes proscribed.

派生語

関連する語

参考

代名詞

’s (clitic)

1. Contraction of us, found in the formula let's which is used to form first-person plural imperatives.

   What are you guys waiting for? Let’s go!

   • c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 277, column 2:

     Wee'le part the time betweene's then: and in that
     Ile no gaine-ſaying.

限定詞

’s

1. (poetic) Contraction of his.

   Duncan’s in’s grave

接続詞

’s

1. (UK, dialect) Contraction of as, when it is (nonstandardly) used as a relative conjunction, or like a relative pronoun, meaning "that".

   All’s he wanted was to go home.

派生語

副詞

’s (not comparable)

1. (UK, dialect) Contraction of as.
   • 1922, E. F. Benson, Negotium Perambulans:

     He takes his bottle of whisky a day and gets drunk’s a lord in the evening.

使用する際の注意点

Used after terms ending in ⟨s⟩, where the previous ⟨s⟩ is removed.

関連する語

• -st

別の表記

• -’s
• -s (now nonstandard)
• -s- (genitival interfix)

発音

• (after voiceless consonants except /s/, /ʃ/, /t͡ʃ/) enPR: s, IPA: /s/
• (after a sibilant or affricate)
  • (英国発音) enPR: ĭz, IPA: /ɪz/
  • (米国発音) enPR: ĭz, əz, IPA: /ɪz/, /əz/
  • (General Australian) enPR: əz, IPA: /əz/
• (elsewhere) enPR: z, IPA: /z/
• Homophone: -s

語源 1

From 中期英語 -s, -es, from 古期英語 -es (“-'s”, masculine and neuter genitive singular ending), from Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is (masculine and neuter genitive singular ending). The apostrophe was added under the false belief that it was a contraction of English his, and retained to distinguish it from the plural. Cognate with Dutch -s, -es (“-'s”), German -s, -es (“-'s”), Danish -s, -es (“-'s”), Swedish -s (“-'s”), Norwegian -s (“-'s”), Icelandic -s (“-'s”).

接尾辞

-'s (enclitic)

1. A possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun or noun phrase bearing the marker.

   Jane's house is bigger than Sarah's.

   The cat bit the dog's tail. (the dog + 's)

   The cat bit the dog with the shaggy fur's tail. (the dog with the shaggy fur + 's)

   women's contributions to science

   • 2012 April 15, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham 1-5 Chelsea”, in BBC‎:

     Before kick-off, a section of Chelsea's support sadly let themselves and their club down by noisily interrupting the silence held in memory of the Hillsborough disaster and for Livorno midfielder Piermario Morosini, who collapsed and died after suffering a heart attack during a Serie B game on Saturday.

2. In the absence of a specified object, used to indicate “the house/place/establishment of”.

   We'll arrive at Jose and María's in time for dinner.

   I'm going to the butcher's for a steak.

   I bought it at Tesco's. (see s-form)

   greengrocer's

3. Indicates a purpose or a user.

   You need a driver's license.

   Alex can be a girl's name.

   That's a girl's toy. (A toy intended for use by girls.) — Homographic to: That's a girl's toy. (The toy of a specific girl.)

   people's

4. Used to indicate a quantity of something, especially of time.

   I took three weeks' holiday.

   The rocks lay at about a mile's distance from the shore.

5. Used to indicate various other kinds of relationship, such as source or origin, object of an action, subject depicted, etc.

   She got angry at my niece's trying to lie to us.

   the doctor's help (help provided by the doctor)

   the King's capture (event of the King being captured)

   my father's portrait (portrait depicting my father)

   in Dublin's fair city (in the fair city of Dublin)

   JFK Airport is among America's busiest.

6. (see usage notes) Attached to a noun or noun phrase linked to a genitive of, forming a double genitive (Compare of mine, etc.)

   a friend of Sarah's

   Have you heard this new idea of our boss's?

   • c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 340, column 1:

     NAy, but this dotage of our Generals
     Ore-flowes the meaſure: […]

使用する際の注意点

• Irregular plurals with endings other than ‘s’ (e.g. children) always take ’s: the children’s voices.
• Words ending in s are made possessive in various ways. Consider:
  • With regular plurals, the apostrophe is placed at the end, i.e. -s' is used (the dogs’ tails, whereas for singular ‘dog’, the dog’s tail).
  • The possessives of names which end in s may be formed using either this suffix (-'s) or bare -' (which see for more). Hence: St. James’s or St. James’, Chris's or Chris', Jesus's or Jesus'. The American Heritage Dictionary (under the entry "possessive") prescribes restricting this to words or names of at least two syllables, such as witness'; in practice, it is found on names of any length, even one syllable. The suffixes used will alter the word's pronunciation; for example: Dickens’ novel /dɪkɪnz nɒvəl/ (identically to (a) Dickens novel), Dickens’s novel /dɪkɪnzɪz nɒvəl/.
• To remedy ambiguity or awkwardness in either speech or print, possessives can generally be recast using of: the tails of the dogs, the paths of St. James.
• When referring to joint possession by multiple people, the standard, formal way to form the possessive is Jack’s and Jill’s pails. However, it is common to treat the pair of names as a noun phrase and to form the possessive of this whole unit instead, using only one ’s: Jack and Jill’s pails. When the possession is not joint (i.e., each possessor has their own possession), the possessiveness is signaled for each possessor; for example, Jack’s and Jill’s pails were leaky and watertight, respectively.
  • In joint possession, when one of the possessors is represented by a possessive pronoun rather than their name, the possessiveness is standardly signaled for each; for example, Jack’s and her pails were leaky. When the first person or second person is used, although forms such as "John and I’s car" for "John’s and my car" are descriptively not rare, they are nonstandard and are grating to some ears; they are thus prescriptively often avoided.
• The use of ’s to make nouns or noun phrases genitive that are seemingly already marked thus by of is widespread in English. It is nearly exclusively used with animate nouns. Its redundancy may often seem unnecessary but sometimes can clarify meaning and in some cases even has no idiomatic alternative; more at Wikipedia at double genitive.
• Nouns that look and sound identical in the singular and plural still do when this suffix is attached, so “one moose” becomes “one moose’s” and “two moose” becomes “two moose’s”.

同意語

• of

派生した語

• → Korean: -스 (-seu)

語源 2

Equivalent to -s, with addition of apostrophe.

接尾辞

-'s

1. (sometimes proscribed) Used to form the plurals of numerals, letters, some abbreviations and some nouns, usually because the omission of an apostrophe would make the meaning unclear or ambiguous.

   There are four 3’s in my phone number.

   “Banana” has three a’s and one b. (apostrophe "s" used so that the plural of “a” is not confused with the word “as”)

   You can buy CD’s in that shop.

   These are the do’s and don’ts. (apostrophe "s" used as “dos” may be misread)

   10’s; 100’s; A+’s; A.U.’s; don’t’s; s’s

2. (obsolete) Used to form plurals of foreign words, to clarify pronunciation, such as “banana’s” or “pasta’s”.

   index’s

3. (proscribed) Used to form the plural of nouns that correctly take just an "s" in the plural. See greengrocer’s apostrophe.

   Apple’s 50p a pound

使用する際の注意点

• The use of ’s to form plurals of initialisms or numerals is not currently recommended by most authorities, except when the meaning would otherwise be unclear. The use in foreign words was common before the 19th century, but is no longer accepted. The use of the apostrophe in any other plural (as in “apple’s”) — the so-called “greengrocer’s apostrophe” — is proscribed.

等位語

• -'d

参考

• its, it’s
• let’s
• greengrocer’s apostrophe

参照

接尾辞

-(s)

1. Added to the end of a singular noun (which normally uses the suffix -s to become plural) to indicate that the noun represents an unknown number which may be one or more than one.

   The dog(s) got into the garden.

   The singer(s) will perform live.

語源 2

From -s (suffix forming the third-person singular indicative present tense of verbs) and ( ) (encloses optional variants or variant elements).

接尾辞

-(s)

1. Added to the end of a verb in place of the suffix -s when the subject of the verb may be one or more than one.

   The dog(s) get(s) into the garden.

   The singer(s) perform(s) live.

参考

• -s

接合辞

-s-

1. Genitival interfix used to link elements in some compounds, equivalent to the possessive clitic -'s.

   hogshead, kingsman, yearsworth, jobsworth, womenswear, craftsperson

参考

発音

Occurs predominantly in written form, so rarely pronounced except when reading written texts.

• (米国発音) IPA: /ˈslæʃˈɛs/

語源

Based on pseudo–HTML code, in which a slash indicates the end of an element (for example, marks the end of bold formatting). Originally written as (to mark the end of a sarcastic message) with the block of text enclosed (see < > ), this was later simplified to /sarcasm and eventually just /s.

略号

/s

1. (Internet slang, tone indicator) Denotes that the preceding statement is sarcastic.

   Wow, I never would have guessed /s

   • 2024 December 3, Alia Paavola, “Tone indicators: A complete list and how to use them”, in Textline‎:

     This is just what I needed on a Monday. /s

参考

• /rant

参照

• Tone Indicators List

発音

• (name of letter) IPA: /ɛs/
  • 韻: -ɛs
• (phoneme) IPA: /s/, /z/, /ʒ/

文字

S (upper case, lower case s, plural Ss or S's)

1. The nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.

派生語

参考

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

数

S (upper case, lower case s, plural Ss or S's)

1. The nineteenth numeral symbol of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.

語源 2

Abbreviation.

名詞

S (countable and uncountable, plural Ss)

1. Initialism of south.
2. Initialism of season (group of episodes of a series).

   Coordinate term: E (“episode”)

   I watched S01 through 03. I have yet to watch the S04.

   The pilot episode is S01E01.

3. (usually clothing) Initialism of small (the manufactured size or an item of that size).

   Coordinate terms: XXS, XS, M, L, XL, XLT, XXL, XXXL

4. (music) Initialism of soprano.
5. (television) Initialism of subtitles.

   Synonyms: CC, sub

6. (American Library Association) Initialism of sextodecimo (book size, 15-17.5 cm in height).

形容詞

S (not comparable)

1. (usually clothing) Initialism of small (of the manufactured size).

   Coordinate terms: XXS, XS, M, L, XL, XXL

2. (education) Initialism of satisfactory.

語源 3

From the first letter of set and of stage, two fundamental concepts of the theory.

固有名詞

S

1. (set theory) An axiomatic set theory, developed by logician George Boolos, in which several of the axioms of ZF are derivable as theorems.

   S has no axiom of extensionality and identity is absent from the other S axioms.

文字

S (upper case, lower case s)

1. A letter of the Old English alphabet, written in the Latin script.

参考

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, V v, X x, Y y, Z z

短縮形

s'

1. (colloquial) Clitic form of it's.
   • 1965 October 1, Frank Herbert, “Book I: Dune”, in Dune, Philadelphia, Pa.: Chilton Book Company; [Toronto], Ont.: Thomas Nelson & Sons, →OCLC, page 156:

     He touched her shoulder and she lifted herself on her elbows, head tipped up to peer at him, the eyes black-shadowed emptiness. “S’you,” she gasped. “Killed . . . guard […]”

   • 1983, Paul Wheeler, chapter 2, in Bodyline: The Novel, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 29:

     “Who’d yer reckon’ll skipper, Loll?” “I dunno. S’hard to say—”

   • 1993 October, Glenn Alterman, “Men’s Monologues”, in 2 Minutes and Under: Original Character Monologues for Actors, Lyme, N.H.: Smith and Kraus, →ISBN, page 1:

     S’cold here, very cold . . . in Siberia.

   • 2007, Christine Fieldhouse, “Is Your Daddy Going to Heaven or Helen?”, in Why Do Monsters Come Out at Night?, London: Hay House, →ISBN, page 274:

     And what was my dad trying to say? Shut up? S’hot in here? Or sorry?

   • 2011, Joan Kilby, chapter 13, in In His Good Hands, Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin, →ISBN, page 231:

     “I’m not drunk,” she said, waving her glass. “I never drink more than two glasses of wine.” She frowned. “Although s’hard to count when the glass is never empty. […]”

   • 2013, Michael Goodell, chapter 13, in Rebound, Diana, Tex.: White Bird Publications, →ISBN, page 198:

     Then it rang. Pick up. “Jim? Jim? Are you there?” / Something s’posed to do. Oh, yeah. Talk. “Karn. S’you?” / “Jim what’s going on? […]”

   • 2017 August 8, Robert J[an] Mrazek, chapter 18, in Dead Man’s Bridge (A Jake Cantrell Mystery; 1), New York, N.Y.: Crooked Lane Books, →ISBN, page 191:

     “Ben,” I called out to him again. His eyes slowly opened and took me in. “S’you, Jake?” he mumbled. “Yeah.”

   • 2017 September 21, Cass Green, chapter 11, in In a Cottage in a Wood, London: HarperCollinsPublishers, →ISBN, page 61:

     ‘Hello?’ […] / ‘S’me!’ she says. / ‘Who?’ / Neve pauses, frowning. / ‘S’Neve,’ she says a bit less cheerfully.

派生語

関連する語

語源 2

間投詞

s'

1. (colloquial) Clitic form of so.
   • 1987, Jean Ure, chapter 2, in Tea-leaf on the Roof, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Heinemann New Windmills, published 1990, →ISBN, page 17:

     William chewed and swallowed. “S’what about the Council?” “What about them?” “Aren’t they going to do anything?”

   • 1990 April, Jo Goodman, “February 13, 1873—Washington, D.C.”, in Passion’s Sweet Revenge (Marshall Brothers; 2), New York, N.Y.: Zebra Books, →ISBN, page 330:

     “S’what about the baby?” he asked, thrusting his chin out. / So he did remember. Scott was beginning to wonder. “A little girl,” he said. He added bluntly, “She lived only a few minutes.”

   • 2008 July, Simon Oliver, John Constantine, Hellblazer: Chas – The Knowledge, New York, N.Y.: DC Comics, published 2009, →ISBN, [number 1]:

     THANKS FOR THE OFFER CHAS, BUT EVEN IF YOU COULD GET IN, HAVING A GRANDDAD CHARGING ACROSS THE DANCE FLOOR IN HIS TESCO’S DENIM MAY NOT BE SUCH A GOOD IDEA. / S’WHAT ABOUT JOHN THEN? / IF HE’S WITH ME, CHAS, LET’S JUST SAY HE’S STILL GOT IT.

接続詞

s'

1. (colloquial) Clitic form of so.
   • 1995, Daniel Alexander Jones, Earthbirds, Jazz, and Raven’s Wings (unpublished manuscript), page 18; quoted in Omi Osun Joni L. Jones, “The Blue Note: Daniel Alexander Jones”, in Theatrical Jazz: Performance, Àṣẹ, and the power of the Present Moment (Black Performance and Cultural Criticism), Columbus, Oh.: Ohio State University Press, 2015, →ISBN, part 1 (The Ensemble / Ẹgbẹ́ / Community), page 83:

     Down there you also had a lot of / Intermarriage and half-breeding / S’you don’t know who’s who

   • 1996, Donald Johnston, chapter 11, in The Echoes of L’Arbre Croche, [Michigan?]: Lord & Allerton, →ISBN, part 3 (Strange Caller), page 160:

     “[…] Ben Corvet give me all money I want or I talk!” “Talk?” “S’you know it! I ain’t goin’ . . . .” He choked and fell back.

   • 1997, Nick Barlay, “Four am Monday”, in Curvy Lovebox, London: 20/20, →ISBN, page 9:

     ― Don’t really know ’em no. Not really. Friends of friends. Na mean. / ― S’you don’t know ’em.

   • 2016, Jane Redd, chapter 33, in Solstice, [Lehi, Ut.]: Mirror Press, →ISBN, page 257:

     “What type of punishments?” / Her green eyes brightened. “Break you hard . . . s’you don’t get any mighty ideas of moving up to no higher level.”

語源 3

動詞

s'

1. (colloquial) Clitic form of is.
   • 1857, Mrs. C[harles] W[heeler] Denison [i.e., Mary Andrews Denison], “Jupe Taken to the Coffin-Maker’s House”, in Gracie Amber, New York, N.Y.: Sheldon, Blakeman & Co.; Chicago, Ill.: S[amuel] C[hapman] Griggs & Co., →OCLC, chapter XV (Jupe and the Sailor Boarding-House), page 97:

     “Hallo! Jupe—s’this you?” he exclaimed—“shew! crying? shew! what’s e’matter, Jupe?”

   • 1990, John Byrne, “Throwing Up in the Gorbals”, in Your Cheatin’ Heart, London: BBC Books, →ISBN, pages 18–19:

     Shirley] […] S’that him there? She points at the paper. Tracey] Naw, that’s Dwane . . .

   • 2002, Hugh Collins, chapter 6, in The Licensee, Edinburgh: Canongate Crime, →ISBN, page 72:

     Janis surprises them – ‘Pat? S’that you? […]’

   • 2005, Allen Wyler, chapter 2, in Deadly Errors, New York, N.Y.: Forge, →ISBN, page 30:

     On his side, knees against his chest, Larry Childs struggled to roll onto his stomach when something kicked his leg. A white-hot ember glowed in the back of his mouth above his tongue, stealing his breath. “What the hell . . .” that voice said. “Oh, Blessed Virgin Mary, Larry, s’that you? What’s wrong?”

関連する語

語源 4

動詞

s'

1. (colloquial, rare) Clitic form of see; used in s'you later.

語源 5

限定詞

s'

1. (colloquial, rare) Clitic form of this.
   • 1999 August 4, c o jones, “britain is best ?”, in uk.rec.sheds‎ (Usenet), archived from the original on 8 March 2026:

     I erd on the radio s'mornin Britain as the safest beef in the worl'

   • 2000 June 18, chris r, “Currying Flavor...”, in free.uk.btinternet.chatter.refugees‎ (Usenet), archived from the original on 8 March 2026:

     >> clever lot us cornish!
     >
     >aye. surprised i was first to get it. it was already 45mins old by the
     >time i read it.
     must be the sun frying brains s'morning...

   • 2000 October 23, Martha Bridegam, “New Orwell biography”, in alt.books.george-orwell‎ (Usenet), archived from the original on 8 March 2026:

     It made "Arts & Letters Daily" s'morning -- the third Meyers biography review to do so. Someone over there must have an Orwell bug.

名詞

s*** (plural s***s)

1. Censored spelling of shit.
   • 2015 November 10, Brandon Griggs, “Do U.S. colleges have a race problem?”, in CNN‎:

     At USC, where a member of a fraternity called student President Rini Sampath an “Indian piece of s***,” student leaders are demanding a campuswide action plan against bias, including the appointment of a top administrator to promote diversity, equity and inclusion.

2. Censored spelling of slut.
3. Censored spelling of spic.

動詞

s*** (third-person singular simple present s***s, present participle s***ting or s****ing, simple past and past participle s*** or s***ted or s****ed)

1. Censored spelling of shit.

名詞

s****

1. Censored spelling of shite.
2. Censored spelling of shits

発音

• IPA: /s/

接頭辞

s-

1. (physics) Subatomic particles with a spin (quantum angular momentum) of 0, predicted by supersymmetry; the bosonic equivalent of known fermions.

派生語

語源 2

Abbreviation of sec- (“secondary”).

発音

• IPA: /ɛs/

接頭辞

s-

1. (organic chemistry) secondary form

   Synonym: sec-

   Coordinate terms: (normal form) n-, (tertiary form) t-

語源 3

Abbreviation of super.

発音

• IPA: /s/

接頭辞

s-

1. Super.

派生語

形容詞

s. (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of southern.
2. Abbreviation of single.