「began」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(113ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

The history of the large-scale military campaigns of the Imperial Navy began with the 1895 Sino-Japanese War and the 1905 Russo-Japanese War ended with the Imperial Navy's near perfect victory; however, in the Great East Asian War (the Pacific War) the fighting power of the fleets of the Imperial Navy was almost completely annihilated by the United States Navy and the Imperial Navy was officially dissolved at the end of the war. 例文帳に追加

帝国海軍の大規模戦役の歴史は、1895年(明治28年)の日清戦争に始り、1905年(明治38年)の日露戦争ではほぼ完全勝利したが、大東亜戦争（太平洋戦争）で米国海軍と戦い、艦隊戦力は壊滅状態となり、その後公式に消滅した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The opponents, appointing Toshitsura DOI as their leader, began to conspire revocation of Agechi-rei and dismissal of Tadakuni MIZUNO from Roju, and even Tadakuni's most trusted retainers (machi-bugyo (town magistrate) Yozo TORII and kanjo bugyo (commissioner of finance) Tadamoto SAKAKIBARA) revolted to DOI's side; TORII was so resolute that he passed all of Tadakuni's confidential materials to DOI. 例文帳に追加

反対派は土井利位を盟主に担いで上知令撤回と、水野忠邦の老中免職に動き出し、水野忠邦の主だった腹心達（町奉行鳥居耀蔵、勘定奉行榊原忠職）らも土井派に寝返り、鳥居に至っては忠邦の機密資料を残らず土井に流すという徹底ぶりであった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

A further several ten thousand soldiers led by General Field Marshal Alfred von Waldersee from Germany were dispatched to the allied force in September 1900 after the occupation of Beijing, and when he became Allied Supreme Commander, he began a clean up operation around Beijing similar to repetitive punishment. 例文帳に追加

北京占領後の1900年9月に、連合軍にドイツからアルフレート・フォン・ヴァルダーゼー元帥率いる数万人の兵力が増強され、彼が連合国総司令官になると、北京周辺の度重なる懲罰的掃討作戦を展開した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In shoen, persons who made a text to submit to kokuga and ryoke (virtual proprietor of manor) had been called 'kumon,' but this name later began to be also used for persons other than those in charge of writing and 'kumon' became a post name of low-ranking shokan (an officer governing shoen) of shoen. 例文帳に追加

荘園においては国衙や領家に対して提出する文書を作成する者を「公文」と呼んだが、後には文書を担当する者以外に対しても広く使われるようになり、荘園の下級荘官の役職として「公文」の呼称が用いられるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Rinji (the Emperor's command), inzen (a decree from the retired Emperor), kansenji (a government edict) and kudashibumi (document issued by a superior or office) issued by the Imperial Court, government official and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and moshijo (a document format for communicating something from a lower person to an upper person) to which gedaiando (an approval of landowner written in the margin of the document submitted) was written in, were used in place of kugen, and 'kugen' began to refer to all of those. 例文帳に追加

朝廷や官司・幕府が発給した綸旨・院宣・官宣旨・下文や外題安堵を加えた申状などが公験の替わりに用いられ、それらを指して「公験」と呼ぶようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

TAIRA no Masamori who was Oki no kami (Governor of Oki Province) donated his shoryo (territory) of Ise for a temple at Rokujo-in built to perform religious rites for the repose of a soul of the late Princess Teishi, Imperial Princess of the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa in 1096, and on that occasion he became Wakasa no kuni no kami (Governor of Wakasa Province), and began to receive favors from the Cloistered Emperor. 例文帳に追加

隠岐守だった平正盛は永長元年（1096年）に白河法皇の皇女媞子内親王を弔う六条院の御堂に伊勢の所領を寄進し、それを期に若狭国守に転じ、法皇から目をかけられるようになっていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

And in the Jokyoku (a law-making body) meeting began in Tokyo on May 21, Meiji emperor's question brought up on 25 for questioning the need to make 'opening of a country to the world peacefully' a national policy in response to the result of the lower house and Jokyoku meeting showed the emperor's reply that this was positive on 28th. 例文帳に追加

続いて5月21日から東京で開催された上局会議（東京会同）において、25日に公議所の結果を受けて「開国和親」を国策とする事の是非を問う明治天皇の勅問が提示され、28日に上局会議はこれを是とする勅答を提示した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The construction plan for the mint facility was proceeded by Kosei YURI, from the time he was a finance office vice prefectural governor, but it began in earnest after OKUMA placed a Mint Dorm along with setting up the Ministry of Finance and appointing Kaoru INOUE to the position of mint head, and the construction of a mint factory was proceeded in Osaka City. 例文帳に追加

造幣施設の建設計画は由利公正が会計官副知事の時代より進めていたが、大隈が大蔵省設置とともに造幣寮を置いて井上馨を造幣頭に任命（明治2年8月18日）して以後本格化し、大阪市に造幣工場の建設が進められた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In response, the Rikken Jiyuto (Constitutional Liberal Party) and the Rikken Kaishinto (Constitutional Progressive Party, who handled the Jiyu Minken Undo, began calling them the 'Rito' in disapproval (Shusui KOTOKU pointed at Chomin NAKAE as being the person to coin the phrase.) 例文帳に追加

これに対して自由民権運動の担い手であった立憲自由党・立憲改進党側は彼らを非難する意味を込めて「吏党」と呼んだのが始まりとされている（なお、幸徳秋水はこの言葉を用いた最初の人物は中江兆民であるとする説を唱えている）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Meanwhile, the shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, who was playing a puppet of Nagayoshi, took advantage of Nagayoshi's death, asked Kenshin UESUGI, Shingen TAKEDA, Yoshikage ASAKURA and other daimyo who had been close to Yoshiteru to go to Kyoto, and began to aggressively act for the restoration of the bakufu. 例文帳に追加

一方、長慶の傀儡として君臨していた将軍・足利義輝は長慶の死を好機と見て、かねてから親密な関係にあった上杉謙信・武田信玄・朝倉義景など諸大名に上洛を呼びかけ、幕府再興を目指して積極的な活動を行なうようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

On December 22, 1891 Shigemitsu NANGO, Morimasa TAKEI, Gensho UMAYA, Shigeya OHARA and others were chosen by the Emperor to be inducted into the House of Peers, and the following day began to hold discussions at the Hoshigaoka Tea House (located in what was then Kojimachi Park) about forming a union and acting in concert. 例文帳に追加

1891年12月22日に貴族院議員に勅撰された南郷茂光・武井守正・馬屋原彰・小原重哉らが、翌日に当時麹町公園内にあった星ヶ岡茶寮において結束して行動するための団体結成を協議したことに始まる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

With the reorganization of kokyu and the demise of kokyu junishi after the middle of the Heian period, Tonomo no tsukasa was incorporated into Tonomoryo (Imperial Palace Keeper's Bureau) and Tonomoryo began to send the staffs in Tonomo no tsukasa to Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants) and such a court lady was called court servant or court lady servant. 例文帳に追加

平安時代中期以後の後宮の再編と十二司の解体に伴い、主殿寮に吸収されて同署より内侍司に対して派遣される形となり、こうした女官を主殿司あるいは主殿女官と呼ばれた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Furthermore, at the end of the tenth century, the governor monk of the Office of Todai-ji Temple Construction (successor to the Agency of Todai-ji Temple Construction) began to neglect his work, which resulted in collapse or almost collapse of terribly deteriorated structures, including the Nandai-mon gate, the twin treasure houses of Kensaku-in, and the back door of the Great Buddha Hall. 例文帳に追加

合せて、10世紀末頃には、造東大寺所（前造東大寺司）の知事僧も勤務を怠けるようになってきたため、東大寺は、南大門や羂索院双倉、大仏殿後戸などは、傷みに傷んで、倒壊寸前か、してしまった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Also, gokuin-gin (hallmarked cupelled silver) made by putting hallmarks to haifuki-gin (cupelled silver) produced at many silver mines which were dotted from western Japan to Hokuriku and Tohoku regions, and kirigin which were used by cutting gokuin-gin into smaller (rectangular) pieces (each with a hallmark) began to be used as silver-by-weight standard for transaction. 例文帳に追加

また、西日本から北陸、東北各地には銀山が多く点在し、ここから産出される灰吹銀に極印を打った極印銀（ごくいんぎん）および小額取引のためにそれを切遣いした切銀（きりぎん）が秤量銀貨として取引に用いられるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Furthermore, such incidents came to often happen and they began to think that, behind those incidents, there were political wars in provincial units, concerning positions of government officials such as gunji and so on, or intentional concealment efforts of absence of shozei payment or illegal confiscation of kanmotsu. 例文帳に追加

更にこうした事件の頻発によって、次第に事件の背景に郡司などの役人の地位を巡る地方単位における政争（政敵の責任追及）や国司・郡司らによる正税虚納や官物押領の隠蔽などを意図したものであると考えられるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

It derived from the provisional imposition by the Imperial Court replacing yo or cho of Heian period, but along with the establishment of shoen koryo sei (manor and public land system), it began to be collected even in manor, public land and za, which continued until the establishment of a new taxation system by taiko kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI). 例文帳に追加

由来は平安時代中期に行われた庸や調に替わる朝廷からの臨時の賦課であったが、荘園公領制の確立とともに荘園・公領・座などでも徴収されるようになり、太閤検地による新たな租税体系確立まで続いた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Moreover, even in the structure of kokuga managed by kokushi, mokudai (deputy) and Zaichokanjin (the local officials in Heian and Kamakura periods), they began to ask Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) under their control to bear the load of guard of kokushi's residence or repair of Kokubun-ji Temple or Ichinomiya, thus a land survey was carried on as in shoen to impose kuji as zaikeyaku. 例文帳に追加

更に国司・目代・在庁官人によって運営されている国衙機構においても国司の館の警固や国分寺・一宮の修繕などを自己の管轄下にあった国衙領に負担を求めるようになり、荘園と同様に検注が行われて在家役として「公事」が課役された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Also, kuji that had been supposed to be paid with labor came to be load corresponding to financial power such as zaikebetsu or tanbetsu, and an imposition demanding money called daisenno or kujisen also began to be applied. 例文帳に追加

また本来は人身の労働によって負担する筈の公事が在家別・反別など財力に応じた負担に移行するようになったほか、代銭納や公事銭と呼ばれる金銭を負担させることを目的とした賦課も広く行われるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Also, a method separately imposing 'nenguji' that was paid with nengu and 'kujiji' that was paid with kuji began to be applied, but power of imposition kuji had as well as existence of kujiji were denied by Taiko kenchi (Hideyoshi Toyotomi's nationwide land survey), then it turned to be a taxation system mainly paying with rice. 例文帳に追加

また、年貢を納める「年貢地」と公事を納める「公事地」に分けて賦課する方法も行われるようになったが、太閤検地によって公事の賦課の権限及び公事地の存在は否定され、年貢の米納を中心とした租税体系に移行することになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The following is the reason why the word "kuji," which originally meant a responsibility that was imposed by a higher-ranking person on a lower-ranking person in order to secure their right to be a member of the community or a free citizen, began to be used to mean an appeal to a higher-ranking person by a lower-ranking person 例文帳に追加

従来、上位者から下位者に対して共同体の一員としてまたは自由民としての権利保障のために課されていた公事という語が下位者から上位者に対する訴願に用いられた背景は次のとおりである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, victorious in the Battle of Sekigahara, decided to build a castle at Omiya Oshikoji to be used as his residence during his stay in the capital; he began removing townhouses in May of 1600 and split the cost of construction and labor with the daimyo of the western provinces in December. 例文帳に追加

関ヶ原の戦いで勝利した徳川家康は上洛時の宿所として大宮押小路に築城を決め、慶長6年（1601年）5月から町屋の立ち退きを開始、12月に西国諸大名に造営費用および労務の割り当てを行った。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

It is believed that a garan in its early days was structured around the building dedicated to Buddha, but as the worship of Buddha's sariras began to thrive, a stupa dedicated to Buddha's sariras and a Buddha hall housing a Buddha image were separated; therefore, it is believed that the garan centered around a stupa was gradually changed to a garan centered around a Buddha hall. 例文帳に追加

初期の伽藍は、仏陀を供養する建物を中心に構成されていたが、仏舎利信仰が盛んになるにつれて、仏舎利をまつる仏塔と仏を安置する仏殿が独立分離して、仏塔を中心とする伽藍から、しだいに仏殿を中心とする伽藍へと変化したと考えられている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In 1900 Sozaburo YAGI explored the kogo-ishi located in the Kyushu region and insisted that, 'these kinds of large constructions only appear as part of castles' and after that, the dispute between the sacred-place theory and the castle theory began. 例文帳に追加

明治33年に九州所在の神籠石を踏査した八木奬三郎が「城郭を除いては、他にこの類の大工事なかるべし」として城郭であることを主張して以後、この神籠石の性格について霊域説と城郭説との論争が展開された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Town building of Imai thus began and has subsequently undergone changes to become Imai-cho as we know it today but as it seems difficult to understand the significance of Imanishi-ke Jutaku in those days unless some facts such as why it was necessary to develop the town in this fashion and the background of Imai-cho are explained, we will discuss these to begin with. 例文帳に追加

このようにして今井の町造りが始まり、現在の今井町に変わってきたわけであるが、なぜこのような町造りが必要であったか、または今井町のおいたちなどを述べないと、当時の今西家住宅の存在がわからないと思われるので、それらのことから先に述べることにする。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The Sumitomo Family is closely connected with copper refining, which began in the year 19 of Tensho when Riemon learned the refining method used to separate silver from crude copper, which was called the "Nanban-fuki copper refining method" by Hakusui of Minjin (from Min), who had come to Senshu-Sakaiura. 例文帳に追加

住友家と精銅とは、切っても切り離せないものがあるが、その端緒となったのは、理右衛門が、天正19年、泉州堺浦に来た明人の白水から「南蛮吹き」と称される粗銅から銀を分離する精錬法を学んだことに始まる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The conflict between Hongan-ji Temple and the Oda clan, which began in 1570 and lasted over ten years as the so-called Ishiyama War, burdened Nobunaga heavily, since Hongan-ji Temple had gained the upper hand through the coalition between Kennyo and others who had entrenched themselves in the fortified Ishiyama Honganji Temple, and Hongan-ji Temple followers who carried on a resistance movement against the Oda clan in various regions. 例文帳に追加

1570年から十年にわたって続いた本願寺と織田氏の抗争、いわゆる石山戦争は、要塞化された石山本願寺に立て篭もる顕如らと、各地で織田氏への抵抗運動を繰り広げる本願寺門徒との連携によって本願寺が優勢に立ち、信長を大いに苦しめることとなる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

While this theory is not inconsistent with the record stating that Yuzuki no kimi was the grandchild of the fifth generation of the first Qin Emperor, nor with the belief that those who were associated with Qin (秦) began using the name "Hata" (秦)of their own accord on coming to Japan, there is little supporting evidence and further investigation is needed. 例文帳に追加

この説に基づくと弓月君が秦の(初代の)皇帝から五世の孫とする記述に反せず、「秦」つながりで渡来した人々が勝手に｢秦｣を名乗り始めたと考えてもさほど矛盾はないが、根拠は少なく今後検証の必要がある。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Although the Shigeyama family had worked as Kyogen performers in Kyoto since the early years of the Edo period, they only succeeded in firmly establishing themselves as a famous Okura-ryu school Kyogen family after Masatora, the 9th Sengoro SHIGEYAMA (the 1st Sensaku, born in 1810 and died in 1886), began performing in the late Edo period. 例文帳に追加

茂山家は江戸時代以来京都で狂言師として活動してきた家であったが、大蔵流の名門としての地位が確固たるものになったのは、江戸後期に9世茂山千五郎正虎（初世千作。1810年生～1886年没）が登場して以降である。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Suino' was originally in charge of taking managing money and materials exclusively for the Bureau of Archives; however, as the Imperial Court was losing authority and accordingly the court offices stopped their functions during the warring period, 'suino' began to provide the service for other imperial offices. 例文帳に追加

出納は本来は蔵人所のみの金品の出納を担当していたが、戦乱期の朝廷機構の衰退に伴って諸官司が機能停止していく中で、その職掌は朝廷各部門の出納業務へと拡大の方向に向かっていった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Furthermore, the oppression of the Yamana clan by the Tsunehisa AMAGO in the Izumo Province, Yoshioki OUCHI in the Suo Province and Muramune URAGAMI in the Bizen Province began; the only territories they managed to govern were Tanba, during the generation of Nobutoyo YAMANA, the son of Masatoyo, and Inaba, during the generation of his grandson, Nobumichi. 例文帳に追加

さらに出雲国の尼子経久、周防国の大内義興、備前国の浦上村宗らの圧迫を受けるようになり、次第に領土を奪われて、政豊の子・山名誠豊の時代には、誠豊が但馬、山名豊時の孫・山名誠通が因幡をかろうじて支配するという状態に陥った。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Moroe, who had already began serving as Giseikan (Legislature) (Kugyo) in the position of Sangi (councilor) in 731, ascended to Dainagon (major councilor) in 737, and Udaijin (Minister of the Right) in 738, and in 743 he finally reached Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and dedicated himself to national politics as the head of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) during the eras of the Emperor Shomu and the Emperor Koken. 例文帳に追加

諸兄は既に天平3年から参議に就いて議政官（公卿）を勤めていたが、天平9年には大納言へのぼると、翌10年には右大臣へ、同15年には左大臣へ昇進し、聖武天皇・孝謙天皇両天皇の治世期に太政官首班として政治に当たった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, Ezogashima began to leave from the Ando clan's control, and as a result, in the earlier Sengoku Period the clan degraded practically to a mere local ruling lord in the northern Dewa Province, as particularly the clan had to echo the fact that the Kakizaki clan, who had been the hikan in Ezo, proclaimed its position of Matsumae shugo (military governor of Matsumae) as well as Kaminokuni shugo. 例文帳に追加

しかし、次第に蝦夷島が安東氏の統制から離れ始め、特に蝦夷において被官であった蠣崎氏が上国守護職に加えて松前守護職を名乗ったことを追認せざるを得なくなるなど、戦国時代(日本)前期には実質上北出羽の一豪族となった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

From around the time of the 19th head, Mochitomo KIKUCHI, the clan began to have conflicts with in the Kikuchi clan about its family estate, and Tamemitsu UDO, the younger brother of the 20th head, Tamekuni KIKUCHI and the adoptive son of the Udo clan, raised an army against the 21st head, Shigetomo KIKUCHI, who was his own nephew, and although he was once lost, after Shigetomo's death he again rose in revolt. 例文帳に追加

19代菊池持朝のころから菊池氏一族の間で家督をめぐる争いが持ち上がるようになっていたが、20代菊池為邦の弟で宇土氏の養子になっていた宇土為光が、甥である21代菊池重朝に対して挙兵、敗れたものの重朝没後再度挙兵した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

As a result, it has been pointed out that, during the financial crisis in Europe and North America which began last autumn, hedge funds exacerbated the crisis such as through a reduction in leverage for transactions with investment banks and through massive sell-offs of managed stock to address the cancellation of contracts. 例文帳に追加

ヘッジ・ファンドについて、その国境をまたがる活動実態を踏まえ、各国当局が出来る限り同様の視点から規制すべき（各国規制の不整合を利用した潜脱の防止）との共通認識が形成され、登録により適切に規制することが国際的に合意された。 - 金融庁

For Smooth Implementation of the Internal Control Report System, which began in March 2008, it was decided to do timely reviews "after system introduction and based on the results, to consider revision and further clarification of Standards and Practice Standards of Internal Control" as needed. 例文帳に追加

また、平成２０年３月に公表した内部統制報告制度の円滑な実施に向けた対応においては、「制度導入後、適時にレビューを行い、その結果を踏まえて、必要に応じ、内部統制の評価・監査の基準・実施基準の見直しや更なる明確化等を検討」することとされていた。 - 金融庁

He said, "The Mariners have many players in their early 20s. I began to think I shouldn't be on the team next year. Then I thought it would be best for me and the team that I leave the team as soon as possible." 例文帳に追加

彼は「マリナーズは20代前半の選手が多い。来年，僕はこのチームにいるべきではないと思うようになりました。そうであるならば，できるだけ早くチームを去ることが，僕にとってもチームにとっても一番よいだろうと考えました。」と語った。 - 浜島書店 Catch a Wave

Ever since December 1994, when the Mexican crisis began, we have been keenly aware of the risks associated with the modern market economy, where instant, large-scale capital movement can take place. That is why the Fund has initiated its effort to improve transparency to help markets make rational judgments, and has strengthened surveillance with the aim of helping prevent crises. 例文帳に追加

94年12月のメキシコ危機以降、大規模の資本移動が瞬時に起こるような現在の市場経済のリスクは強く認識され、IMFとしても市場に合理的な判断を促すようなデータの公開の促進、危機を予防するためのサーベイランスの強化などの対策をとってきました。 - 財務省

Any person who has infringing goods in his possession shall give a full account of the name of the person who sold them to him or procured them for him, the quantity and value thereof and the time at which retail sales began, on pain of being considered the accomplice of the infringer. 例文帳に追加

侵害物品を所有する何人も，当該物品を当該人に販売した者の名称，数量及び金額，並びに，小売販売の開始時を十分に説明しなければならない。そうしない場合は，侵害者の共犯者とみなされ罰せられる。 - 特許庁

Provided that any such commencement or resumption of use after the expiry of the 5 years period, but within the period of 3 months before the making of the application, shall be disregarded unless preparations for the commencement or resumption began before the proprietor became aware that the application might be made. 例文帳に追加

ただし，5年間の満了後であって，申請の前3ヶ月以内であっても，申請がなされる可能性のあることを当該権利者が知る前に，使用の開始又は再開のための準備が行われていない限り，その使用の開始又は再開は無視される。 - 特許庁

(4) Any commencement or resumption of use referred to in subsection (3) after the expiry of the 5 year period but within the period of 3 months before the making of the application for revocation shall be disregarded unless preparations for the commencement or resumption began before the proprietor became aware that the application might be made.例文帳に追加

(4)(3)にいう使用の開始又は再開で，5年の期間の満了後で取下の申請がなされる前3月以内に生じたものは，所有者が当該申請がなされることに気付く前に開始又は再開の準備が始まった場合を除いて，考慮されない。 - 特許庁

(6) The proprietor shall not be entitled to the right referred to in subsection (2), (3) or (4) if the use of the trade mark or business identifier, as the case may be, began before the proprietor’s trade mark became well known in Singapore, unless the trade mark or business identifier has been used in bad faith.例文帳に追加

(6)周知商標がシンガポールにおいて周知となる前に，当該商標又は場合に応じて事業標章が使用され始めた場合は，その商標又は事業標章が悪意によって使用されていない限り，当該所有者は(2)，(3)，(4)にいう権利を有さない。 - 特許庁

A patent shall not have effect vis-a-vis a person (hereinafter referred to as "the prior user") who has already exploited the invention independently of the inventor or proprietor of the patent or who has made preparation therefor, that the can prove, before the priority right began (Section 27). 例文帳に追加

特許は，優先権の開始前に，発明者若しくは特許所有者とは独立に既に発明を実施した者又はその準備を行った者でこれを証明することができる者(以下「先使用者」という。)に対しては効力を有さない(第27条)。 - 特許庁

The exploitation of an invention protected by an inventor's certificate or an industrial design protected by a certificate under prior law which began before entry into force of this Act or exploitation which was authorized on a contractual basis before entry into force of this Act shall not constitute an infringement of the rights of the proprietor of the patent. 例文帳に追加

旧法に基づいて発明者証により保護される発明若しくは登録証により保護される工業意匠の実施で本法の施行前に開始されたもの又は本法の施行前に契約により認められた実施は，特許所有者の権利の侵害とはならない。 - 特許庁

Any commencement or resumption of the use described in subsection (2)(a) after the expiry of the 3-year period but within the period of 3 months before the making of the application for revocation shall be disregarded unless preparations for the commencement or resumption began before the owner of the registered trade mark became aware that the application might be made. 例文帳に追加

3年の期間の満了後であるが取消の申請前3月以内の，(2)(a)にいう使用の開始又は再開は，申請がされるであろうことに登録商標所有者が気付く前にこの開始又は再開の準備が始まったものでない限り認められない。 - 特許庁

In November 2009, the Trilateral Offices agreed to implement a pilot program of the PCT-PPH, a framework which allows applicants to request the PPH when there is any claim determined to be patentable in a written opinion and an international preliminary examination report of PCT and this pilot program began in January 2010. 例文帳に追加

また、PCTの見解書および国際予備審査報告において、特許性「有り」と示された請求項が存在する場合にPPH利用できる枠組みであるPCT-PPHは、2009年11月に開催された三極特許庁長官会合において世界に先駆けて日米欧間で試行実施することが合意され、開始されています。 - 特許庁