「began」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方(117ページ目) - Weblio英語例文検索

The background behind the above is considered to be the fact that jito began to pursue the unified ruling of land by annulling the multi-layered land ruling system and obtaining Shitaji shinshi ken (the right to shitaji) since the legal status of shoen became stable thanks to the Kamakura Bakufu's authorization of jito's right to rule the land (ando). 例文帳に追加

これは、鎌倉殿による地頭に対する土地支配権の承認（安堵）が荘園の持つ不安定な法的地位を改善したために、地頭側が、これまでの重層的な土地支配関係を解消し、下地進止権の獲得を通じた一元的な土地支配を指向するようになっていったためと考えられている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the Nara period, the biography of the FUJIWARA three generations began with FUJIWARA no Kamatari, "Kaden" (Family history) and "Shotokutaishi Denryaku" (Biography of Shotokutaishi) were written, and in the Heian period MIYAKO no Yoshika (the compiler of an authentic history "Nihon Montoku Tenno Jitsuroku" [Fifth of the six official national history books]) wrote "Dojo Hoshi Den" (Biography of Dojohoshi), Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI wrote "FUJIWARA no Yasunori den" (Biography of FUJIWARA no Yasunori) and "Enchin Osho Den" (Biography of Enchin), and KI no Haseo wrote "Tsunesada Shinno Den" (Biography of Imperial Prince Tsunesada). 例文帳に追加

奈良時代に藤原鎌足以下3代の伝記を記した『家伝』や『聖徳太子伝暦』が著され、平安時代に入ると、都良香（正史『日本文徳天皇実録』の編者）の『道場法師伝』、三善清行の『藤原保則伝』・『円珍和尚伝』、紀長谷雄の『恒貞親王伝』などが著された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The theoris on the origin of the ingubunkokusei system describes: One that it started when kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) and choyo (taxes in tribute and labor under the ritsuryo system) collected within Awaji Province were used to feed Imperial Prince Oi who had been deported to the province and called Awaji Haitei (deposed Emperor of Awaji); another theory argues that the system began when denso (a rice field tax) and rice collected within Yamato Province was used to feed Retired Emperor Heizei who had confined himself in Heijo-Kyo; a third theory states that the system was established along with shinno nintoku (provinces whose governing posts were reserved as sinecures for imperial princes) system that was introduced later on. 例文帳に追加

その由来については淡路国に流された淡路廃帝大炊親王（淳仁天皇）のために同国の官物・庸調が廃帝の生活に充てられ、平城京に籠った平城上皇のために大和国の田租・地子イネが生活に充てられたもの、更にその後導入された親王任国を制度の嚆矢とする説もある。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The soryo system was sustained during Kamakura period, but as heavy presence of Kamakura period disappeared, Kenmu government subdivided into south and north as well as the conflict began to rise between the legitimate child and illegitimate child as 天下三分 formed, and illegitimate child and branch family that was on the winning side started to surpassed the head family of the main line. 例文帳に追加

それでも惣領制は鎌倉時代にはともかくも維持されていたが、鎌倉幕府という重しが消滅し、建武政権が南北に分列し、更に天下三分の形勢となるに及んで、嫡子、庶子の分裂も見られるようになり、更には勝った側についた庶子・庶家（しょけ）が嫡流の宗家を凌駕する事態も訪れる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

After kurodo dokoro (the Chamberlain's Office) was established, tenmon hakase and others began to submit misso to kurodo (chamberlain), bypassing Onmyo no kami, and the kurodo mediated the misso to the emperor (due to the nature of the matter, the misso often took place in the middle of the night or in the early morning, in which case the tenmon hakase was exceptionally allowed to report the misso directly to the emperor.) 例文帳に追加

ただし、蔵人所成立後は、天文博士らは陰陽頭を通さずに蔵人に対して密奏を提出して、蔵人から天皇に報告するようになった（ただし事の性格上、深夜あるいは早朝に密奏が行われる場合もあり、その場合は天文博士が直接天皇に上奏する事も例外的に認められていた）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

It was the same in the other departments, and gradually Sando-kyo and Sando-nenkyo began to recommend those who were unlikely to become Jogo (a student who completed a course) (Tokugosho (Distinguished Scholars of Numbers) and Hoshikyudai (examination passed)) as provincial governors and low-level functionaries of Capital officials without the examination recommended by San hakase; additionally, it was made possible for general Sansho to be qualified according to Tokugosho by satisfying certain conditions and taking an examination (Juntokugyoshoshi (Associate Distinguished Scholars of Numbers)). 例文帳に追加

更に他の学科でも同様であったが、算博士の推薦を受けて成業（得業生及び奉試及第）の見込みのない者を無試験で地方国司や京官の下級役人に推挙する算道挙・算道年挙が行われるようになったり、一般の算生でも一定の条件を満たせば得業生に準じた奉試受験資格を得て試験を受けることが出来るようになった（准得業生試）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

After World War II, Marxian history began to define samurai as the ruling class and the peasants as the ruled class, emphasizing the misery of the peasants' life and the existence of a class struggle derived from this misery, with merchants as the bourgeoisies who accumulated property (capital) which ushered in the modern age. 例文帳に追加

第二次世界大戦後はマルクス主義的な歴史認識により、武士を支配階級、農民を被支配階級と定義し、農民生活の悲惨さとそれに由来する階級闘争の存在が強調され、商人は財産（資本）を蓄積したブルジョワ階級であり、近代への幕を開く歴史的存在として捉えられるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Confucianism, which follows the example of the Li system of Zhou, put importance on the Hoken system of Zhou, but for confucianists who began to take part in centralized politics, the hoken system was very contradictory and was often discussed in the form of essay on the Hoken or Gun Ken system. 例文帳に追加

周の礼制を規範とする儒教では周の封建制を重視するが、官僚となり中央集権政治を担うようになった儒者たちにとって大きな矛盾をはらみ、たびたび封建論あるいは郡県論として論議された（ここでいう封建制・郡県制は歴史学上の実際のものではなく儒教思想上の理念として語られたものである）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Around 2007 when it was whispered that it seemed unlikely for Japan to achieve the goal, some critics or individuals began to claim a conspiracy theory that Kyoto Protocol itself was a political pressure from Western countries (it is a groundless theory and is far from even being skepticism because it is based on the issue which was once discussed and consequently lost its supporters). 例文帳に追加

日本の達成が難しいと囁かれ始めた2007年頃になって、京都議定書自体が欧米諸国による政治的な圧力であるという陰謀論（そもそも根拠が示されていない、既に支持を失った議論を蒸し返しているなどの理由により懐疑論にもなり得ていないもの）が、一部評論筋や個人の論評などで、にわかに唱えられはじめるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, there came the trend of forming kinds of academic cliques as the families which produced excellent scholars, such as the above mentioned Sugawara clan as well as the Oe clan and families like the Fujiwara clan (mainly Hino Line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan and the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan), which were able to receive similar education at Kangakuin (educational institutions) despite their not being kyuryo gakusei, started to pass down monjo hakase and monjosho and monjo hakase began recommending their followers to the positions. 例文帳に追加

しかし、前述の菅原氏や大江氏など優秀な学者を代々輩出した一族や給料学生以外の学生でも勧学院より同じような学問料が支給された藤原氏（主として藤原北家日野流・藤原南家・藤原式家）などによる文章博士や文章生の世襲や文章博士による門人の推挙による一種の学閥化の風潮が次第に見られるようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

During the months from October to December (according to the old lunar calendar) the powerful lords agreeing to the political cooperation between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court, such as Hisamitsu SHIMAZU (the father of the head of the Shimazu clan), Shungaku MATSUDAIRA (the former head of the Fukui clan), Munenari DATE (the former head of the Uwajima clan), Yodo YAMAUCHI (the former head of the Tosa clan), and Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI came to Kyoto one after another, and they were appointed as members of the Sanyo-kaigi with Katamori MATSUDAIRA, then the political cooperation between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court began in the form in which the delegates of the Shogunate speak in the Imperial Court. 例文帳に追加

また、10月から12月にかけて公武合体派の島津久光（薩摩藩主の父）、松平春嶽（前福井藩主）、伊達宗城（前宇和島藩主）、一橋慶喜、山内容堂（前土佐藩主）が上洛、松平容保とともに朝廷参与会議に任命され、朝廷の下での雄藩の国政参画が実現した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

But from the end of 18th century, the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) began to control directly the Ezo area, Wajinchi expanded gradually, and in the eastern area, the scope of Wajinchi reached Nodaoi (present Yakumo town) in 1800, and Oshamanbe (present Oshamanbe town, later Yamakoshi County, Iburi Province) in eastern area of Ezo in 1864, and within Otaru area corresponding to later Otaru County, Goshi Province (present Otaru City) in western area in 1865. 例文帳に追加

しかし、18世紀の末頃から江戸幕府が蝦夷地の直接支配に乗り出し始めると次第に拡大し、東は1800年には野田追（のだおい、現八雲町）、1864年には同長万部（おしゃまんべ、現長万部町）など、後の胆振国山越郡にあたる地域に広がり、西では1865年に後の後志国小樽郡に相当する小樽内（おたるない、現小樽市）に達した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, when Nagamasa ASANO and Yoshiharu HORIO and Kiyomasa KATO died in 1611, and Terumasa IKEDA andYoshinaga ASANO in 1618, and Toshinaga MAEDA in 1619, the isolation of the Toyotomi Family became stronger and partly from the impatience the Toyotomi Family began to reveal a policy of confrontation to the bakufu such as receiving official ranks from the Imperial Court without permissions from the bakufu, gathering army provisions and ronin (masterless samurai), in addition, trying to enter into the friendly relations with Maeda clan and so on. 例文帳に追加

しかし、慶長16年（1611年）に浅野長政・堀尾吉晴・加藤清正が、18年に池田輝政・浅野幸長、19年に前田利長が亡くなると、豊臣家の孤立はいっそう強まり、その焦りからか幕府に無断で朝廷から官位を賜ったり、兵糧や浪人を集めだし、更には前田氏と誼を通じようとするなど、幕府との対決姿勢を前面に押し出し始めた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

However, as operations by the German and Austrian navy to destroy sea traffic with U-boats and armed merchantmen grew in intensity and Germany and Austria began unrestricted submarine warfare in January 1917, navy ships of the Allies were made to suffer serious damage, so that Britain requested Japan to dispatch a destroyer fleet to the Mediterranean and a cruiser fleet to the Cape of Good Hope. 例文帳に追加

しかしながら、ドイツ・オーストリア海軍Uボート及び武装商船の海上交通破壊作戦が強化され、1917年1月からドイツおよびオーストリアが無制限潜水艦作戦を開始すると連合国側の艦船の被害が甚大なものになり、イギリスは日本へ、地中海へ駆逐艦隊、喜望峰へ巡洋艦隊の派遣を要請した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The company began with the taking over of Nikkatsu's Uzumasa Movie Studio in Kyoto, Tamagawa Movie Studio (presently Kadokawa Daiei Film Studio) in Chofu, Shinko Cinema's Kyoto Uzumasa Movie Studio (presently Toei Kyoto Movie Studios), Oizumi Movie Studio (closed shortly afterwards, currently Toei Tokyo Movie Studio) and Daito Eiga Studio in Sugamo (closed shortly afterwards), along with the production staff and actors of the three companies. 例文帳に追加

日活の京都にあった太秦撮影所、調布にあった多摩川撮影所（現・角川大映撮影所）と新興キネマの京都太秦撮影所（現・東映京都撮影所）、大泉撮影所（間もなく閉鎖。現・東映東京撮影所）、巣鴨の大都映画撮影所（間もなく閉鎖）、ならびに3社のスタッフ・俳優を引き継ぎ、映画制作を開始。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Taking this agitation as their cue, and following the founding of Seitosha (the Bluestockings) by Raicho HIRATSUKA, the New Woman Association (founded in 1919), which was headed by Hiratsuka, Fusae ICHIKAWA and Mumeo OKU, and the Japan Women's Suffrage Association (founded in 1921, later renamed the Japan Woman's Christian Suffrage Association) headed by Tsuneko GAUNTLETT and Ochimi KUBUSHIRO began actively campaigning for women's suffrage (also known as the women's movement). 例文帳に追加

それを嚆矢として、平塚らいてうの青鞜社結成を経て、平塚と市川房枝、奥むめおらによる新婦人協会（1919（大正8）年）や、ガントレット恒子、久布白落実らによる日本婦人参政権協会（1921年・大正10、後に日本基督教婦人参政権協会）が婦人参政権運動（婦人運動）を展開。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

This code was enacted as the succeeding fundamental law code to Taiho Ritsuryo Code and functioned as the essential laws and ordinances that prescribed the political system of ancient Japan; however, the code began to reveal the contradictions against the actual social and economic conditions in the Heian period, and even though the Kyakushiki code (amendments and enforcement regulations of the Ritsuryo codes) was also enacted to support it, it had become a mere name by the mid Heian period at the latest. 例文帳に追加

大宝律令に続く律令として施行され、古代日本の政治体制を規定する根本法令として機能したが、平安時代に入ると現実の社会・経済状況と齟齬をきたし始め、平安時代には格式の制定などによってこれを補ってきたが、遅くとも平安中期までにほとんど形骸化した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

At this timing, Shonyo began peace negotiations with Renjun who was called back from Nagashima in April, and Shonyo and Renjun were discharged by imputing the responsibility of having instigated this Ikki uprising to Shimotsuma brothers and, with the condition that they and all the followers in Kinai be excommunicated, the reconciliation between the bakufu, Hosokawa, and Rokkaku was achieved in November. 例文帳に追加

これを機に証如も4月に長島から呼び戻した蓮淳とともに和議を図り、下間兄弟を今回の一揆の扇動者としてその責任を転嫁することで証如・蓮淳の責任を不問とし、彼らや近江などの畿内門徒の総破門を行うことを条件にこの年の11月に幕府・細川・六角との和議が成立したのである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Thus, in Heian period, Imperial Court began to launch political measures to recover the shozei for the purpose of maintaining the tribute-to-central system, such as introduction of 'shozei ritsubun (the tax system where two-tenth of the tax delivered from the provinces to the Ministry of Finance at Heian-kyo [the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto] were supplied to the tax storage called "ritsubun-do")' that made up the shortage of shozei with the interest on kugaito and establishment of 'shozei shikisu' in which kokushi's minimum liability for shozei suiko (compulsory loaning to and collecting repayments from peasants) was prescribed in kyakushiki (a kind of law in the ritsuryo system). 例文帳に追加

そこで平安時代に入ると、朝廷も公廨稲の利息より正税の不足分を補わせる「正税率分」の導入や格式に必要最低限の正税出挙に対する国司の支出義務（農民への強制的な貸付強制と徴収（返済）の義務化）を定めた「正税式数」を規定するなど、中央への上供体制維持を目的とした正税回復政策を取り始めた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Furthermore, when this series of exchange spread around Japan and foreign countries, people began to move on their various ideas, for example, merchants of Yokohama settlement held a meeting on February 28, and decided to seek compensation from the Meiji Government for the damage caused by counterfeit money, or some merchants started to buy up the counterfeit money which had slumped anticipating the next recall. 例文帳に追加

更にこうした一連の遣り取りが内外に伝わると2月28日には横浜居留地の商人たちが会合を開いて明治政府に贋貨によって生じた損害賠償を求める事を決議し、更に一部の商人が今後の回収に期待して暴落した贋貨を買い占めるなど様々な思惑が動き出し始めていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

It also sent Prince Awagi to Japan in 661, taking advantage of the event that the fourth Japanese envoys to Tang drifted down to Tamna, and began to pay tributes to Japan; since then, as far as we can see in the official records, its envoys visited Japan at least nine times until 678, continuing to pay tributes to Japanese Imperial court until it was subjected to Silla in 679. 例文帳に追加

また661年（斉明天皇7年）には第4回遣唐使が耽羅に漂着したことを期に王子阿波伎等を日本に派遣し入貢し、以後耽羅からは678年（天武天皇7年）までの間に公式記録に残るだけで計9次の使節が日本を訪れ、679年（日本天武天皇8年、新羅文武王元年）に新羅に服属するまで朝貢を続けた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

According to Kushiki-ryo, an "I" document began with a sentence saying "xxx {name of sender] isu yyy [name of recipient]" in the first line, described the main content in and below the second line, and generally finished with a sentence saying "Kotosara-ni isu"; if the sender was legally authorized to give orders and instructions to a recipient with whom he did not have a hierarchical relationship, the last sentence of the main content was "motte isu," making the "I" into an order. 例文帳に追加

公式令によれば、最初の行に「○○○（差出官司）移（いす）×××（相手官司）」に始まり、次行に内容を記して、書止には通常は「故移（ことさらにいす）」が用いられるが、法令などによって○○○が所管－被管関係にない×××を指揮監督することが認められている案件に関するものに対しては「以移（もっていす）」を用いて命令文書としての意味合いを持たせた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Although, in 1958, they began the study of the implementation of the plan to roughly design specific types of dams and their capacities of water, they had to review the original flood control plan because the Ise Bay Typhoon in the following year (1959) brought about considerable flooding, surpassing that of Typhoon 13, and furthermore, water demand grew tremendously due to the rapid growth of the population in the Kansai area and the expanding Hanshin Industrial Zone. 例文帳に追加

1958年（昭和33年）よりダムの具体的な型式や貯水容量等を検討する実施計画調査に入ったが、翌1959年（昭和34年）に伊勢湾台風が台風13号の洪水流量を超える水害を惹き起こした為洪水調節計画を再検討、更に関西圏の急激な人口増加と阪神工業地帯の拡充により水需要が逼迫。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

When Takauji moved into Kamakura and began establishing the bakufu while the Imperial court sent the subjugating army led by the grand leader Yoshisada NITTA to defeat Takauji, Doyo, as the Takauji army, fought against the Yoshisada army in the Yahagi-gawa River but was defeated, and his younger brother Mitsusada SASAKI was also defeated by Yoshisada in the Tegoegawara river to once yield, but in the next battle of Hakone they fought on the side of the Takauji army that ended in victory for them. 例文帳に追加

尊氏が鎌倉に入り幕府設立の動きを見せ、朝廷が新田義貞を総大将とする尊氏の討伐軍を発すると、道誉は尊氏軍として義貞軍と矢作川で戦うが敗れ、手超河原では弟の佐々木貞満も討たれ一旦は義貞に下るが、次の箱根の戦いでは尊氏方として戦い勝利する。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Today, I do not have anything particular to report to you. As the compilation of the annual budget is set to start soon, the People’s New Party began negotiations with the financial authorities yesterday. Although I will not talk about the details, about which I presume party officials have told you, the total amount (that the party advocates) is 95 trillion yen. 例文帳に追加

今日は、特別にご報告することもありませんが、いよいよ本予算（の編成）が始まりますので、国民新党は、昨日から財務当局との折衝に入ったところでありますので、内容は、大体、中身の細かいあれは、既に、党のほうで皆さん方にお話ししていると思いますからあれしませんが、95兆円の、一応、総額を出しております。 - 金融庁

If I remember correctly, the Ministry of Finance announced the amount of the government's holdings of GSE bonds when it began to purchase such bonds as part of its asset diversification efforts. However, although the total amount of foreign securities holdings is disclosed, a breakdown is not provided 例文帳に追加

ちょっと記憶が不確かな面もあるのですが、確か財務省の方が資産の多様化をする時に、ＧＳＥ債とかを保有できるようにする時は一回アナウンスがあったかと思うのですが、その後、いくら保有しているか、対外、外国の有価証券みたいな枠ではディスクロージャーされていますが、その内訳についてはされていません - 金融庁

In connection with this matter - although not directly related to the crisis that began in the United States - some cabinet ministers pointed out that regional economies are in a very severe condition and expressed hopes that financial institutions catering to regional small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) will act flexibly, by managing risks and taking risks in a balanced way so as to ensure “relationship banking.” 例文帳に追加

その流れの中で、このアメリカ発の問題とは直接関係ありませんけれども、地方の経済が非常に厳しい、そういう中で地方の中小企業向けの金融機関により柔軟な、つまりリスク管理だけではなくてリスクテイクも、金融ですからバランス良くと言いましょうか、ある程度そういうところも配慮した形で地域密着型の金融というものをやってもらいたいと。 - 金融庁

Since the Lehman shock, the global financial world has been marked with much instability. However, as I have constantly pointed out, the Great Depression in the U.S. that began in 1929 resulted in the world economy divided into blocks separated by national borders – a situation that, unfortunately, formed a remote cause of the Second World War, according to historians. Given the unfortunate fate that the world's financial, economic and political worlds suffered in the 20th century in the wake of the 1929 Great Depression, it has become my conviction that that history should never, ever repeat itself. 例文帳に追加

リーマン・ショック以来、世界の金融というのは非常に今不安定なところがございまして、しかしそれは私がこの前から申していますように、1929年のアメリカの大恐慌のときは、各国各国が経済をブロック化しまして、大変残念なことだけれども、それは第二次世界大戦の遠因になったと、こういうふうに歴史家が言うわけです。 - 金融庁

In responding to this event, the EBRD, the only Multilateral Development Bank dedicated to the transition to democracy and towards market-oriented economies, promptly began to consider its response and decided to adopt a three-phased approach to allow it to engage quickly in and to expand its geographical scope of operations to the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean (SEMED), a decision which Japan warmly welcomes. 例文帳に追加

これらの動きに対して、民主化・市場経済化への移行を目的とする唯一の国際開発金融機関である EBRDが、いち早く検討を開始し、早期に支援可能とする方法である 3段階の支援アプローチを含めて、南・東地中海地域（SEMED）まで地理的業務範囲の拡大を決定したことを歓迎します。 - 財務省

If anyone, after the loss of right has ensued but prior to the announcement by the European Patent Office of the declaration referred to in subsection (1), began, in good faith, to use the invention commercially in this country or made substantial preparations therefor, he shall enjoy the right specified in Section 71c (2) and (3). 例文帳に追加

何人かが，権利喪失が生じた後に，ただし，第1段落にいう宣言について特許庁による公告がされる前に，善意でフィンランドにおいて当該発明の商業的な実施を開始していたか，又は当該実施のための実質的な準備をしていた場合は，その者は，第71c条第2段落及び第3段落に定める権利を享受する。 - 特許庁

If a person has in good faith began to commercially exploit an invention in this country or taken essential measures for that purpose after the decision taken by the Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office, but before the publication of the decision of the enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office, that person may, despite the patent, continue the use while retaining its general character. 例文帳に追加

欧州特許庁の審判部が決定を下した後で同庁の拡大審判部の決定の公告前に，何人かが善意で，ある発明をフィンランドにおいて業として実施し始め又はその目的で真摯な準備をした場合は，その者は，特許の存在にも拘らず，実施の一般的性質を保つ限り，その実施を継続することができる。 - 特許庁

Any commencement or resumption of use referred to in subsection (3) after the expiry of the 3-year period but within the period of 1 month before the making of the application for revocation must be disregarded unless preparation for the commencement or resumption began before the owner became aware that the application may be made.例文帳に追加

(3)にいう使用の開始又は再開であって，前記3年期間の満了後であるが取消申請が行われる前1月以内でのものは，無視しなければならない。ただし，その開始又は再開の準備が，取消申請が行われるかもしれないことを商標所有者が知る前に始まっている場合は，この限りでない。 - 特許庁

For the purposes of section 66(1), the uninterrupted period of suspension of use is 5 years (not 3) if all the following apply: the trade mark was registered under the Trademarks Act 1953; and the trade mark is not a defensive trade mark; and the uninterrupted period of suspension of use began within the period of 5 years before this Act came into force.例文帳に追加

第66条(1)の適用上，中断のない使用停止期間は5年(3年ではない)とするが，ただし，次に掲げる条件のすべてが満たされている場合に限る。その商標が1953年商標法に基づいて登録されたこと，及びその商標は防御商標でないこと，及び中断のない使用停止期間が，本法施行前5年の期間内に始まっていること - 特許庁

(10) If after it was no longer possible for the patent to be so renewed, and before publication of notice of the application for restoration, a person -- (a) began in good faith to do an act which would have constituted an infringement of the patent if it had not expired; or (b) made in good faith effective and serious preparations to do such an act, he has the right to continue to do the act or, as the case may be, to do the act, notwithstanding the restoration of the patent.例文帳に追加

(10) 当該特許のそのような更新が最早不能となった後，かつ，回復申請の告示の公告前に， (a) 当該特許が満了していなかったならば同特許の侵害を構成した筈の行為を善意で始めた者，又は (b) 当該行為をするために善意で実際上かつ真摯な準備を行った者は， 当該特許の回復にも拘らず，当該行為を継続するか又は場合により行う権利を有する。 - 特許庁

(8) In deciding whether the trade mark or business identifier, as the case may be, has been used in bad faith, it shall be relevant to consider whether the person who used the trade mark or business identifier had, at the time he began to use the trade mark or business identifier, knowledge of, or reason to know of, the proprietor’s trade mark.例文帳に追加

(8)当該商標又は場合に応じて事業標章が悪意によって使用されたか否かを判断する際に，使用者が当該商標又は事業標章の使用を開始した時点で，周知商標の所有者の商標について知っていたか否か又は知る理由があったか否かを考慮することが直接関係するものとする。 - 特許庁

(3) When fixing the level of compensation, inter alia, the notoriety, fame and prestige of the trademark, and number and class of licenses granted at the time the infringement began shall be taken into account. In the case of damage to the prestige of the trademark, attention shall also be paid to the circumstances of the infringement, seriousness of the injury and degree of dissemination on the market.例文帳に追加

(3) 賠償水準の確定に際しては，特に，侵害開始時における商標の周知性，名声及び信頼性，並びに付与されたライセンスの数及び種類が考慮される。商標の信頼性に対する損害の場合は，当該侵害の事情，損害の程度及び市場における普及度についても留意される。 - 特許庁

To provide a projection type display device which can adjust respective image display elements to optically proper positions without holding them directly when the display elements are adjusted, makes it easy to replace a display element if a trouble has occurred to the display element after the device began to be used, and can prevent an image display element fitting part from becoming large in size.例文帳に追加

各画像表示素子を光学的に適切な位置に調整する際に、画像表示素子を直接保持することなく調整が可能で、また位置調整後に固定する際に不具合があった場合や、装置を使用開始後に表示素子に不具合が発生した場合に、交換が容易で、画像表示素子取付部の大型化を防止できる投射型表示装置を提供する。 - 特許庁

In addition to enacting the Japan-Singapore Economic Partnership Agreement (JSEPA) with Singapore in November 2002, Japan began formal negotiations with the Philippines, Thailand, and Malaysia in the beginning of 2004. In November of the same year Japan confirmed with the Philippines that the two sides had reached a basic agreement, and negotiations are currently being carried out with Thailand and Malaysia so as to reach agreements within a reasonable timeframe.例文帳に追加

シンガポールとの間では、2002年11月に日星新時代経済連携協定（JSEPA）を発効させたほか、フィリピン、タイ、マレーシアと2004年初より正式交渉を開始し、フィリピンとの間では同年11月に大筋合意を確認した。タイ、マレーシアとの間では、合理的な期間内に合意できるよう現在交渉中である。 - 経済産業省

They also agreed that plurilateral requests should be submitted by March 2006; revised offers should be submitted by the end of July; and final lists of commitments should be submitted by the end of October. Accordingly, plurilateral requests were submitted in February and March and negotiations began; negotiations were then suspended at the end of July.例文帳に追加

また、共同リクエストの提出を2006年２月末以降のなるべく早いタイミングに、再改訂オファー提出を７月末に、最終約束表の提出期限を10月末とすることに合意し、同年２～３月にかけて共同リクエストが提出され、７月末の再改訂オファー提出に向けた交渉が行われていたが、７月末に交渉が中断した。 - 経済産業省

ASEAN economies maintained a high level of economic growth throughout the 1990s. However, because long-term domestic credit had been financed by short-term foreign funds under the de facto dollar peg system, the Asian currency crisis3 that began in 1997 resulted in a credit crunch caused by the fleeing of short-term funds, and economic growth was negative (Figs.1.1.23, 1.1.24, 1.1.25, 1.1.26).例文帳に追加

ASEAN諸国は、1990年代、高い経済成長を維持していたが、1997年からのアジア通貨危機３）においては、それまで実質的なドルペッグ制の下で、外貨建ての短期資金によって長期の国内信用をファイナンスしていたため、短期資金の逃避とともに信用収縮に陥り、経済はマイナスに転じた（第1-1-23～26図）。 - 経済産業省

Subsequently, the RGGI began preparations for the 2009 implementation of a cap and trade system for 25 MW power generation plants in 10 northeastern states. An agreement was reached on the following reduction targets: reducing the total CO2 emissions from these facilities to the 1990 levels between 2009 and 2014, and further reducing it by 10% from the 1990 levels by 2018.例文帳に追加

その後、RGGIでは、2009年から、北東部10州における25メガワットの発電所を対象としたキャップ・アンド・トレードを実施することに向けて準備が進められており、これらの設備から排出される二酸化炭素量合計を、2009年から2014年までに1990年レベルとほぼ同等に制限し、2018年までにはそのレベルから10％削減することが合意されている。 - 経済産業省

With the aim of supporting developing countries, the EU began the Global Climate Change Alliance in November 2007, a communication forum between the EU and the most seriously affected countries as well as those most vulnerable to climate change. The alliance aims to coordinate development strategies and climate change countermeasures in the following five areas: (1) adaptation, (2) deforestation, (3) promotion of participation in the CDM19, (4) decrease of disaster risk, and (5) incorporation of climate change adaptation in the efforts to decrease poverty.例文帳に追加

途上国に対する支援として、最貧国や最も気候変動に対し脆弱な国々を対象に、①適応、②森林減少、③CDM19への参加促進、④災害リスクの低減、⑤貧困削減努力への気候変動の統合の5分野について、開発戦略と気候変動政策を統合するためのEUとの対話フォーラムである「グローバル気候変動協力（Global Climate Change Alliance）」を2007年11月から開始している。 - 経済産業省

In response, many countries began to introduce proactive labor market policies that centered on measures directed at young people in the late 1990s, focusing on policies designed to enhance the employability of young people through vocational training and apprenticeships instead of passive responses such as the ongoing payment of unemployment benefits.例文帳に追加

これに対応するため、1990年代後半には各国において若年層への対策を中心にいわゆる積極的労働市場政策を導入する動きが広がり、単に失業給付を継続する等の消極的な対応ではなく、若年者が職業訓練や実習経験を通じて技能を修得し、それによって就業能力を向上させる政策に重点が置かれることとなった。 - 経済産業省

Continuing its descent since October 2009, the unemployment rate fell to 4.2% in September 2011. The rate began to rise again in October, however, and stood at 4.6% in January 2012. According to the Survey on SME Business Conditions, on the other hand, the employee overcapacity and insufficiency DI for SMEs was negative for all industries, driven by non-manufacturing, for the third quarter in a row since the third quarter of 2011, indicating that SMEs are feeling a growing sense of shortage (Fig. 1-1-23). 例文帳に追加

完全失業率は、2009 年10 月以降低下傾向が続き、2011 年9 月には4.2％まで低下したが、同年10 月には再び上昇に転じ、2012 年1 月には4.6％となっている。他方、中小企業景況調査によると、中小企業の従業員過不足DI は、非製造業が牽引し、全産業でも2011 年7-9 月期から3 四半期連続でマイナスとなり、不足感が強まっている（第1-1-23 図）。 - 経済産業省

Looking next at the workforce sufficiency DI ("excessive" - "insufficient") for SMEs by industry according to the SMRJ's Survey on SME Business Conditions, it can be seen that the sense of overemployment began to disappear as the economy recovered in manufacturing, wholesaling, and construction, where there was a strong sense of overemployment at the start of 2002, and a majority of enterprises felt there to be a slight shortage of employment in all sectors except wholesaling in the fourth quarter of 2004 (Fig. 1-1-24).例文帳に追加

次に、独立行政法人中小企業基盤整備機構「中小企業景況調査」により、業種別に中小企業の従業員過不足DI（「過剰」－「不足」）を見ると、2002年初頭に雇用過剰感の高かった製造業、卸売業、建設業においても、景気回復に伴って過剰感は解消に向かい、2004年10-12月期には、卸売業を除く業種で、わずかではあるが不足感も出てきている（第1-1-24図）。 - 経済産業省