burn outとは 意味・読み方・使い方

動詞

burn out (third-person singular simple present burns out, present participle burning out, simple past and past participle burned out or (chiefly Commonwealth) burnt out)

1. (transitive) To destroy by fire.
   • 1941 April, “The Why and the Wherefore: Hawes Junction Collision”, in Railway Magazine, page 191 (the collision occurred in 1910):

     All four engines and the entire train were derailed, and owing to the fact that all the vehicles except the sleeping cars were gas-lit, the whole of the coaching stock except the two rear brakes was burned out, beginning with the two front coaches, which were completely wrecked.

2. (intransitive) To become extinguished due to lack of fuel.

   Coordinate term: flame out

   The candle finally burned out.

   • 1847, Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, Chapter XVIII

     Mr. Mason, shivering as some one chanced to open the door, asked for more coal to be put on the fire, which had burnt out its flame, though its mass of cinder still shone hot and red. The footman who brought the coal, in going out, stopped near Mr. Eshton's chair, and said something to him in a low voice, of which I heard only the words, "old woman,"—"quite troublesome."

3. (intransitive) To become nonfunctional (especially of lightbulbs or similar light-producing devices).
4. (intransitive) To tire due to overwork; to overwork to one's limit.

   After six months of twelve-hour workdays, most people just burn out and quit.

5. (transitive) To cause (someone) to tire due to overwork; to cause (someone) to overwork to one's limit.
6. (intransitive, slang, uncommon) To end one's shift at a job.

   I start my shift at three in the afternoon, and get to burn out at midnight.

7. (intransitive, automotive) To have one's tires skid against the ground; to peel off, peel out.
8. (idiomatic) To make (someone) unavailable for work involving exposure to ionizing radiation by employing (the person) in such work until the person's accumulated exposure reaches the maximum permitted for an administrative period, typically a year.

   The repairs on this nuclear reactor have burned out every welder in the province.

9. (intransitive, bowling, of a ball) To use up too much energy when first bowled and to therefore not finish strongly.

   Synonyms: burn up, roll out

派生語

名詞

burn out (countable and uncountable, plural burn outs)

1. Nonstandard spelling of burnout.
   • 2002, Chuck Purdy, The Street Saint: Emergency in the Emergency Services‎:

     His burn out hadn't been caused by too many dead bodies; it was from spending his life doing for people what most of them had refused to do for themselves.

アナグラム

• outburn

別の表記

• burn-out

語源

Deverbal from burn out.

発音

• IPA: /ˈbɜː(ɹ)naʊt/

名詞

burnout (countable and uncountable, plural burnouts)

1. (psychology) The experience of long-term exhaustion and diminished interest, especially in one's career.

   Coordinate term: flameout

   • 2023 May 31, Annette Choi, “Teachers are calling it quits amid rising school violence, burnout and stagnating salaries”, in CNN‎:

     High on the list of proposals educators said they support to combat burnout – after raising salaries and hiring more teachers — was providing additional mental health and behavioral support for students, according to the 2022 NEA survey.

2. A person who has the experience of long-term exhaustion and diminished interest.

   Ten years of this soul-sucking job would turn any ambitious young person into a burnout.

3. A feeling of being overwhelmed and exhausted from stress and overwork, rendering one cynical, uncaring or depression.
4. (US, slang) Someone whose brains have figuratively been burned out by drugs.

   There’s no way we can hire that guy. He’s a total burnout—he can't do the work.

   • 2011 August 4, Stephen Holden, “Stoned Archive: Wild Ride Of the Merry Pranksters”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN:

     Then in his late 30s, he [Neal Cassady] was already a visibly ravaged shadow of Kerouac’s heroically defiant rebel and well on his way to becoming the kind of babbling burnout you don’t want to sit next to on any bus trip, magical or not.

5. (aerospace) The shutoff of a rocket motor after exhausting its fuel or having been irreversibly throttled after the application of a planned delta-v.

   Coordinate term: flameout

6. The failure of an electrical device, usually through overheating due to the application of excessive power.
7. (automotive) Use of the throttle to spin the wheels of a vehicle being held stationary, causing the spinning tires to produce smoke and burn rubber.

派生語

派生した語

• → Dutch: burn-out
• → Finnish: burnout
• → German: Burn-out

外部リンク

• Addressing the Crisis of Clinician Burnout, a YouTube video discussing the concept of burnout in medical professions

アナグラム

• outburn