fetchとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音, General American) enPR: fĕch, IPA^(key): /fɛt͡ʃ/
• (Southern American English, AAVE, 廃れた用法) enPR: fŏch, IPA^(key): /fɑt͡ʃ/ (see fotch)^[1]
• 韻: -ɛtʃ

語源 1

The verb is derived from Middle English fecchen (“to get かつ bring back, fetch; to come for, get かつ take away; to steal; to carry away to kill; to search for; to obtain, procure”)  [and other forms],^[2] from 古期英語 feċċan, fæċċan, feccean (“to fetch, bring; to draw; to gain, take; to seek”), a variant of fetian, fatian (“to bring near, fetch; to acquire, obtain; to bring on, induce; to fetch a wife, marry”)^[3] and possibly related to 古期英語 facian, fācian (“to acquire, obtain; to try to obtain; to get; to get to, reach”), both from Proto-Germanic *fatōną, *fatjaną (“to hold, seize; to fetch”), from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to step, walk; to fall, stumble”). The English word is cognate with Dutch vatten (“to apprehend, catch; to grasp; to understand”), German fassen (“to catch, grasp; to capture, seize”), English fet (“(廃れた用法) to fetch”), Faroese fata (“to grasp, understand”), Danish fatte (“to grasp, understand”), Swedish fatta (“to grasp, understand”), Icelandic feta (“to go, step”), West Frisian fetsje (“to grasp”).

The noun is derived from the verb.^[4]

動詞

fetch (三人称単数 現在形 fetches, 現在分詞 fetching, 過去形および過去分詞形 fetched)

1. To retrieve; to bear towards; to go and get.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings xvii:11-12:

     He called to her, and said, Fetch me, I pray thee, a little water in a vessel, that I may drink.

   • 1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

     When they got home, the Rat made a bright fire in the parlour, and planted the Mole in an arm-chair in front of it, having fetched down a dressing-gown and slippers for him, and told him river stories till supper-time.

2. To obtain as price or equivalent; to sell for.
   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 3, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

     Our native horses […] were held in small esteem, and fetched low prices.

   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 3, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshore flats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out. Clams was fairly scarce over that side of the bay and ought to fetch a fair price.

   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).

   If you put some new tyres on it, and clean it up a bit, the car should fetch about $5,000

3. (nautical) To bring or get within reach by going; to reach; to arrive at; to attain; to reach by sailing.

   to fetch headway or sternway

   • 1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

     Meantime flew our ships, and straight we fetched / The siren's isle.

4. (intransitive) To bring oneself; to make headway; to veer; as, to fetch about; to fetch to windward.
5. (rare, literary) To take (a breath), to heave (a sigh)
   • 1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I:

     The hurt nigger moaned feebly somewhere near by, and then fetched a deep sigh that made me mend my pace away from there.

6. To cause to come; to bring to a particular state.
   • 1879, William Barnes, A Witch:

     They couldn't fetch the butter in the churn.

7. (obsolete) To recall from a swoon; to revive; sometimes with to.

   to fetch a man to

   • 1631, Francis [Bacon], “(please specify |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

     Fetching men again when they swoon.

8. To reduce; to throw.
   • 1692, Robert South, sermon 28

     The sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to the ground.

9. (archaic) To accomplish; to achieve; to perform, with certain objects or actions.

   to fetch a compass;  to fetch a leap

   • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     I'll fetch a turn about the garden.

   • 1631, Ben Jonson, Chloridia

     Ixion […] turn'd dancer, does nothing but cut capreols, fetch friskals, and leads lavaltoes

   • 1692, Robert South, sermon 28

     He fetches his blow quick and sure.

10. (nautical, transitive) To make (a pump) draw water by pouring water into the top and working the handle.

Conjugation

別の表記

• fatch, fotch (dialectal)

派生語

名詞

fetch (複数形 fetches)

1. (also figuratively) An act of fetching, of bringing something from a distance.
   1. (computing, specifically) An act of fetching data.

      a fetch from a cache

2. The object of fetching; the source of an attraction; a force, propensity, or quality which attracts.
3. An area over which wind is blowing (over water) and generating waves.
   • 1977, Coastal Engineering Research Center (U.S.), Shore Protection Manual, page 29:

     When a fetch is close to land, this variability will alter anticipated wind directions and velocities.

4. The length of such an area; the distance a wave can travel across a body of water (without obstruction).
   • 1983, Résumés:

     From recently completed radar maps of the Brazilian Amazon I determined the shape, maximum fetch and width and orientation of all the lakes greater than 100 meters across in the floodplain […]

   • 2006, Andrew Rose; Sandra Rose, 'Man Overboard!': The HMAS Nizam Tragedy, Red Rose Books, →ISBN, page 48:

     For example, a steady wind of 40-50 kilometres/hour - a Force 6 strong breeze - blowing for 12 hours over an initially calm sea and traversing a fetch of 1000 kilometres could produce a significant wave height  […]

   • 2010, Yoshimi Goda, Random Seas and Design of Maritime Structures, World Scientific, →ISBN, page 66:

     Wind waves continue to grow within the fetch area, [...] A graphical wave hindcasting method by means of Wilson's fetch diagrams produced an estimate of H_1/3 = 9.4 m and T_1/3 = 12.3 s over the fetch of about 1,800 km on the 7th of April.

5. A stratagem or trick; an artifice.

   Synonyms: contrivance, dodge

   • 1665, Robert South, “Jesus of Nazareth proved the true and only promised Messiah”, in Twelve Sermons Preached Upon Several Occasions, 6th edition, volume 3, published 1727:

     Every little fetch of wit and criticism.

   • 1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XXIX”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:

     And as to your cant of living single, nobody will believe you. This is one of your fetches to avoid complying with your duty […].

派生語

• fetch quest

間投詞

fetch

1. (Utah) Minced oath for fuck.

参照

• 20 Things Only Utahns Will Understand And Appreciate

語源 2

Uncertain; the following possibilities have been suggested:

• From fetch-life (“(廃れた用法, まれに) a deity, spirit, etc., who guides the soul of a dead person to the afterlife; a psychopomp”).^[5][6]
• From the supposed 古期英語 *fæcce (“evil spirit formerly thought to sit on the chest of a sleeping person; a mare”).^[5]
• From Old Irish fáith (“seer, soothsayer”).^[7]

名詞

fetch (複数形 fetches)

1. (originally Ireland, dialectal) The apparition of a living person; a person's double, the sight of which is supposedly a sign that they are fated to die soon, a doppelganger; a wraith (“a person's likeness seen just after their death; a ghost, a spectre”). [from 18th c.]
   • 1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, “The Reader is Brought into Communication with Some Professional Persons, and Sheds a Tear over the Filial Piety of Good Mr. Jonas”, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, page 236:

     In these dilapidated articles of dress she had, on principle, arrayed herself, time out of mind, on such occasions as the present; for this at once expressed a decent amount of veneration for the deceased, and invited the next of kin to present her with a fresher set of weeds: an appeal so frequently successful, that the very fetch and ghost of Mrs. Gamp, bonnet and all, might be seen hanging up, at any hour of the day, in at least a dozen of the second-hand clothes shops around Holborn.

   • 1905, Gordon Bottomley, Midsummer Eve, Harting, Petersfield, Hampshire: Pear Tree Press, →OCLC; republished in King Lear’s Wife, The Crier by Night, The Riding to Lithend, Midsummer Eve, Laodice and Danaë: Plays, London: Constable & Company, 1920, →OCLC, page 159:

     I think it was a fetch. [...] Folk say a fetch is seen at its departing / From a cold house whence it shall lead a soul; / But this comes like a child-birth closing in, / And so perchance it does but signify / The consciousness of death that breaks in all.

   • 1921, Sterling Andrus Leonard, “Bibliography of Plays for Reading in High Schools”, in Sterling Andrus Leonard, editor, The Atlantic Book of Modern Plays: […], Boston, Mass.: The Atlantic Monthly Press, →OCLC, page 300:

     Several farm maidservants meet to see their future lovers' spirits on Midsummer Eve, but see only the "fetch" or double of one of them, foretelling her death.

     A summary of Gordon Bottomley’s play Midsummer Eve.

   • 1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 80:

     "If you're after some money," said the millionaire, "move that cat out of the way." Catweazle shook his head. "Mayhap 'tis a fetch." Victor was very taken aback. "A fetch?" he gulped. "That's a witch in the shape of a cat, isn't it?" "Ay," said Catweazle calmly.

派生語

• fetch candle

参考

• make fetch happen (etymologically unrelated)

参照

Further reading

• fetch (folklore) on Wikipedia.
• fetch (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• Fecht