gnomeとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From French gnome (“gnome”), from New Latin gnomus, used by Paracelsus as a synonym for pygmaeus (“pygmy”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈnəʊ̯m/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈnoʊ̯m/, /ˈnɔʊ̯m/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈnəʉ̯m/
• 韻: -əʊm
• ハイフネーション: gnome
• 異形同音異義語: Nome, nome

名詞

gnome (plural gnomes)

1. (magic, alchemy, Rosicrucianism) An elemental (spirit or corporeal creature associated with a classical element) associated with earth.
   • 1811, The Medical and Physical Journal, volume 25, page 138:

     He adopts the Rosycrusian fancy of Gnomes, spirits which inhabit the earth, and who by their power form the ores of metals, and all the wonders met with in the inmost recesses of the globe.

   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Success”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 74:

     Day belongs to the earthlier deities—the stern, the harsh, and the cold. Gnomes are the spirits of daily hours. Toil, thought, and strife, beset us: we have to work, to quarrel, and to struggle: we have to take our neighbours in; or, at least, to avoid their doing so by us.

   • 2006, Greg Lynch, RuneQuest Monsters, page 52:

     Gnomes are perhaps the most useful of the elementals.
     A gnome can carry a person with it as it swims through the soil, provided it is strong enough to lift the person. The gnome cannot, however, provide air for that person […] .

   • 2007, Christopher Penczak, Ascension Magick: Ritual, Myth and Healing for the New Aeon, page 413:

     Elementals are the consciousness guiding the four classical elements of earth, fire, air, and water. These elementals are depicted as gnomes, salamanders, diminutive faeries known as sylphs, and merfolk, known as undines, respectively.

2. (mythology, fantasy) One of a race of imaginary human-like beings, usually depicted as short and typically bearded males, who inhabit the inner parts of the earth and act as guardians of mines, mineral treasure, etc.; in modern fantasy literature and games, when distinguished from dwarves, gnomes are usually smaller than dwarves and more focused on engineering than mining.

   Coordinate terms: (female) gnomess, gnomette, gnomide

   • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 226:

     When the trees were disposed of, the gnomes vanished again.

   • 2011, Ross Lawhead, The Realms Thereunder, page 251:

     There were not one but four gnomes standing at his feet. “I nearly trod on you,” Daniel said. “What are you doing here?”
     The gnomes just stood, looking up at him.

3. (informal, derogatory) A person of a small stature or misshapen features, or of a strange appearance.
4. The mountain pygmy owl, Glaucidium gnoma, a small owl of the western United States.
5. A small statue of a dwarf-like character, often bearded, placed in a garden.

   Synonyms: garden gnome, lawn gnome

   • 1968, Carl Ruhen, The Key Club, Sydney: Scripts, page 20:

     There were ornamental ponds and shrubs clipped into animal shapes, painted concrete gnomes sitting on mushrooms, pink flamingos standing on one leg[.]

   • 2009 June 10, Twigs Way, “Stately gnomes: a history”, in The Guardian‎, →ISSN:

     Gnomes, more than any other garden feature, divide the gardening world. Once welcomed in the hallowed halls of the International Horticultural Exhibition at Chelsea, this year a lonesome gnome had the ignominity to be ejected from those same grounds, victim of a ban on all things mythical and unduly colourful.

   • 2011, Bronwen Forbes, The Small-Town Pagan's Survival Guide, page 72:

     My mother-in-law, who swears she is a good Lutheran but is also the most powerful Witch I have ever met, also has at least a dozen small lawn gnomes peeking out from beside her shrubs, next to the lilac bushes, and hanging out with the roses. My husband has already started our collection; as of this writing, four gnomes and one moss-covered rabbit hang out in the shrubbery by the front door, two gnomes live in the dining room, and one guards the perpetual pile of to-do paperwork that lives next to the computer.

6. (astronomy, meteorology) An upper atmospheric optical phenomenon associated with thunderstorms, a compact blue starter.
7. (often derogatory) A banker, especially a secretive international one.

   the gnomes of Zurich

   • 1973, Texas Monthly, page 110:

     So far the major beneficiaries of the boom in gold have been deposed South American dictators, Middle Eastern potentates, and the gnomes of Zurich.

   • 1985, Fodor's, Fodor's ... London, Fodor's

     For this is a creation of the City, of the country's financial heart, and of the gnomes of London who have financed it and supported it entirely on their own.

   • 2002, Mary Buffett, David Clark, The New Buffettology: The Proven Techniques for Investing Successfully in Changing Markets That Have Made Warren Buffett the World's Most Famous Investor, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 194:

     The gnomes of Wall Street can trade on rumors, but Warren will only invest after the sale or merger has been announced.

派生語

関連する語

参考

• kobold
• salamander (elemental of fire)
• sylph (elemental of air)
• undine (elemental of water)

語源 2

From Ancient Greek γνώμη (gnṓmē, “thought, opinion”), from the base of γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to know”).

発音

• IPA: /nəʊm/, /nəʊmi/

名詞

gnome (plural gnomae or gnomai or gnomes)

1. A brief reflection or maxim; a pithy saying.

   Synonyms: adage, apothegm, maxim, paroemia, proverb, sententia

   • 1996, Giambattista Vico, Giorgio A. Pinton, Arthur W. Shippee (translators), The Art of Rhetoric, [1711-1741, Giambattista Vico, Institutiones Oratoriae], page 125,

     The Greeks in their tongue call this second type of maxim noema. The gnome is more appropriate to the philosophers, and the noema to the orators, to the poets, and to the historians. To speak by gnomes alone was referred to by the Greeks as "philosophizing" which we Italians would render as "to mouth maxims" (sputar sentenze).

   • 2003, Christiane Sourvinou-Inwood, Tragedy and Athenian Religion, page 386:

     Thus, the gnome concerning the precarious nature of, and the potential suffering in, human life sent by the gods uttered by Electra is deconstructed by her choice of paradigm. By using Tantalos as an illustration, the play overturns the apparent meaning of the gnome.

関連する語

• gnomic
• gnomometry

参照

• “gnome”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “gnome”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “gnome”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• Monge, emong

名詞

gnome

1. vocative singular of gnomus