neighborhoodとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From an alteration of earlier neighborred (“neighborhood”), from Middle English neȝeburredde, neheborreden, equivalent to neighbor +‎ -red; the term being interpreted as neighbor +‎ -hood. For change in suffix (-red to -hood), compare brotherhood.

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈneɪbə.hʊd/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈneɪbɚˌhʊd/

名詞

neighborhood (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 neighborhoods) (米国用法 spelling)

1. The residential area near one's home.

   He lives in my neighborhood.

2. The inhabitants of a residential area.

   The fire alarmed the neighborhood.

3. A formal or informal division of a municipality or region.

   We have just moved to a pleasant neighborhood.

4. An approximate amount.

   He must be making in the neighborhood of $200,000 per year.

5. The quality of physical proximity.

   The slums and the palace were in awful neighborhood.

6. (chiefly obsolete) The quality of being a neighbor, of living nearby, next to each-other; proximity.

   Our neighborhood was our only reason to exchange hollow greetings.

   • 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, lines 243-245,^[1]

     […] if you do any thing for charity, helpe me; if for neighborhood or brotherhood, helpe me […]

   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

     Take her, fair son, and from her blood raise up
     Issue to me; that the contending kingdoms
     Of France and England, whose very shores look pale
     With envy of each other’s happiness,
     May cease their hatred; and this dear conjunction
     Plant neighbourhood and Christian-like accord
     In their sweet bosoms […]

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     Nor content with such / Audacious neighbourhood, the wisest heart / Of Solomon he led by fraud to build / His Temple right against the Temple of God.

   • 1835, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Rienzi, the Last of the Roman Tribunes:

     Then the prison and the palace were in awful neighbourhood.

7. (dated) Close proximity; nearness.
   • 1853, Charles Boner, Chamois Hunting in the Mountains of Bavaria, page 286:

     At first he was partly hidden among the latschen, then his hind-quarters, quite black, emerged from the dark green bushes, as he slowly moved on, perfectly unconscious of our neighbourhood.

8. (obsolete) The disposition becoming a neighbor; neighborly kindness or good will.
9. (topology) Within a topological space:
   1. A set containing an open set which contains some specified point.
   2. Alternatively: An open set which contains some specified point.
10. (topology) Within a metric space:
    1. A set containing an open ball which contains a specified point.
    2. Alternatively: An open ball which contains some specified point.
11. (topology) The infinitesimal open set of all points that may be reached directly from a given point.
12. (graph theory) The set of all the vertices adjacent to a given vertex.
    1. (cellular automata) The set of all cells near a given cell used to determine that cell's state in the next generation.
       • 1990 July 9, David Hiebeler, “Languages for programming cellular automata”, in comp.theory.cell-automata‎^[2] (Usenet):

         In fact, it looks at the number of states and the neighborhood of the rule (determined by the filename), and decides whether to make it a lookup-table, or a "computed-function" rule.

       • 2005 September 7, IzI, “reversible universal 1D CA?”, in comp.theory.cell-automata‎^[3] (Usenet):

         Universal: Is able to simulate other CA, the neighborhood size may be limited but the number of cell value should be unlimited (big neighborhoods can be transformed into multivalued cells).

       • 2022 February 11, Mateon1, “Game of Life with real 8 neighbors”, in comp.theory.cell-automata‎^[4] (Usenet):

         I've seen this space colloqually referred to as MAP (presumably since it maps a 3x3 neighborhood into a future cell state), or more precisely and if you want to be pedantic, since there are a lot of variants of cellular automata: 2D Range-1 Moore neighborhood 2-state (non-totalistic) cellular automata (regular euclidean grid implied, although some people explore toroidal configurations, nonstandard tilings, または arbitrary graphs).

同意語

• vicinity
• proximity
• quarter

派生語

参考

• neighborship
• neighborhood on Wikipedia.