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Wiktionary英語版での「purblind」の意味 |
purblind
語源
The adjective is derived from Middle English purblind (“(adjective) completely blind; blind in one eye; near-sighted; (noun) near-sighted animal, specifically a hare”) [and other forms],[1] possibly from pur, pure (“completely, entirely”)[2] (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean; pure”); influenced by pur- (prefix meaning ‘completely; forward; in advance’))[3][4] + blind (“sightless, blind”)[5][6][7] (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to blend, mix up; to make cloudy または opaque”)).
Sense 4.1 (“completely blind”) was the original sense. The senses denoting partial blindness are possibly the result of confusion of the first element pur- with poor, perhaps through folk etymology.[6] (Compare parboil regarding per versus pars.)
The noun and verb[8] are derived from the adjective.
発音
形容詞
purblind (comparative more purblind, superlative most purblind) (literary)
- Of a person: having impaired vision; partially blind; dim-sighted.
- 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, “The Young Gentleman Having Settled His Domestick Affairs, Arrives in London, and Sets Up a Gay Equipage. He Meets with Emilia, and is Introduced to Her Uncle.”, in The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume III, London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC, page 12:
- [H]e vvent into one of the boxes at the play-houſe, as uſual, to ſhevv himſelf to the ladies; and in reconnoitring the company through a glaſs, (for no other reaſon, but becauſe it vvas faſhionable to be purblind) perceived his miſtreſs very plainly dreſſed, in one of the ſeats above the ſtage, talking to another young vvoman of a very homely appearance.
- Of the eyes: unable to see well, especially due to old age; weak.
- (figurative)
- Of a person: lacking in discernment or understanding; dim-witted, unintelligent.
- Synonyms: obtuse, (古風な用法, literary) purblinded; see also Thesaurus:stupid
- Antonyms: see Thesaurus:intelligent
- 2002, John Waller, “Introduction: Revolutionary, by Any Standards”, in John Turney, editor, The Discovery of the Germ: Twenty Years that Transformed the Way We Think about Disease (Revolutions in Science), New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 4:
- Of a place: poorly illuminated; dark, dim.
- Of a person: lacking in discernment or understanding; dim-witted, unintelligent.
- (obsolete)
- Completely blind.
- c. 1595–1596 (date written), W. Shakespere [i.e., William Shakespeare], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC; republished as Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- Having one eye blind.
- 1617, Fynes Moryson, “Of Precepts for Trauellers, which may Instruct the Vnexperienced”, in An Itinerary Written by Fynes Moryson Gent. […]: Containing His Ten Yeeres Travell through the Twelve Domjnions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Jtaly, Turky, France, England, Scotland, and Ireland. […], London: […] John Beale, […], →OCLC, book I, part III, pages 15–16:
- Near-sighted, short-sighted; myopic.
- c. 1522 (date written), Thomas More, “A Treatyce (Unfynyshed) vppon These Wordes of Holye Scrypture, Memorare Nouissima, & Ineternum non Peccabis, Remember the Last Thynges, and Thou shalt Neuer Synne. […]. Of Couertise.”, in Wyllyam Rastell [i.e., William Rastell], editor, The Workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght, […], London: […] Iohn Cawod, Iohn Waly, and Richarde Tottell, published April 1557, →OCLC, column 94:
- The man that is pore blinde, cannot ſee far from hym. And as to ioke on deth we be for the moſt part pore blinde all yͭ mayny: for we cannot ſee hym til he cõe [come] very nere vs. But theſe folk be not pore blynde but ſtarke blynde: for they cãnot ſee him when he commeth ſo nere, yͭ hee putteth almoſte his finger in theyr eye.
- (rare) Far-sighted, long-sighted; hypermetropic.
- Completely blind.
派生語
- purblinded (adjective)
- purblindly
- purblindness
名詞
purblind (複数形 purblinds)
- A person who has impaired vision or is partially blind.
- 1759, Andrew Brice, “NAPLES”, in A Universal Geographical Dictionary; or, Grand Gazetteer; of General, Special, Antient and Modern Geography: […], volume II, London: […] J. Robinson and W. Johnston, […]; P. Davey and B. Law […]; and H. Woodgate and S. Brooks, […], →OCLC, page 918, column 1:
- If the miraculous Blood fails of diſſolving at its Approach to the miraculous Head, the vviſe Neapolitans look on it as an Omen of ſome more grievous Judgmt. than our Foreſighted Purblinds do of a Salt's Overthrovv on Table; but vvhen it benignly liquifies 'tis then a ſure Token of heavenly Favour, and the Able Pious ſurely make rich Offerings accordingly.
動詞
purblind (三人称単数 現在形 purblinds, 現在分詞 purblinding, 過去形および過去分詞形 purblinded)
- (transitive, literary, often passive) To cause (someone) to have impaired vision or become partially blind.
- c. 1877, E[dward] Farr, E[dward] H[enry] Nolan, chapter XIII, in David Hume, Tobias Smollett, E. Farr, E. H. Nolan, The History of England, […], volume IV, London, New York, N.Y.: Virtue and Co., […], →OCLC, page 407, column 2:
- [H]is [Albert, Prince Consort's] self-isolation from politics, whether of court or country, commanded a national admiration, intense no doubt, but tempered with a suspicion of "part-playing" unjust to the man as it would have been unpardonable in the people, had it not originated in that traditional jealousy of the democracy not only of England, but of every other country, which purblinds it to the integrity of beneficial influences flowing spontaneously through an atmosphere of regal regions.
参照
- ^ “pū̆rblī̆nd, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “pūr(e, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “pū̆r-, pref.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “pur-, prefix”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, June 2020; “pur-, prefix”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “blī̆nd, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 “purblind, n. and adj.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2023.
- ^ “purblind, adj.”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present, reproduced from Stuart Berg Flexner, editor in chief, Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Random House, 1993, →ISBN.
- ^ “purblind, v.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2022.
Further reading
- visual impairment on Wikipedia.
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