overshootとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (noun) (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈoʊ.vɚˌshut/
• (verb) (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˌoʊ.vɚˈshut/
• 韻: -uːt

名詞

overshoot (複数形 overshoots)

1. (countable) The amount by which something goes too far.

   Let's see if we can predict and correct for the overshoot.

2. (countable, ecology) When the population of a species exceeds its environment's carrying capacity.
   • 2004, Donella Meadows; Jorgen Randers; Dennis Meadows, “Author's preface”, in Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update, →ISBN:

     With appropriate choice and action such uncontrolled decline could be avoided; overshoot could instead be resolved by a conscious effort to reduce humanity's demand on the planet.

3. (uncountable, typography, design) The portion of a letter extending above the capline of other letters of the same font, or the relative degree of such extent.
   • 2019, Reece Patton, Formatting for Print‎^[1]:

     The portion resting beyond the capline or baseline is called overshoot.

   • 2020, Karen Cheng, Designing Type, second edition, page 88:

     The bowl of the D and the O are usually not identical, as most D forms do not have overshoot or undershoot.

動詞

overshoot (三人称単数 現在形 overshoots, 現在分詞 overshooting, 過去形および過去分詞形 overshot)

1. To go past something; to go too far.

   When you drive, you must remember to not overshoot the parking space and end up with two wheels over the line.

   • 1961 November, “Talking of Trains: Aircraft on rail tracks”, in Trains Illustrated, page 650:

     As a result of the accident at Southend Airport when a Hermes aircraft overshot the runway and fouled the down Shenfield to Southend Victoria line between Rochford and Prittlewell, the Eastern Region is considering warning arrangements, which have already been provided on some lines running past aerodromes.

   • 2021 December 15, Paul Clifton, “There is nothing you can do”, in RAIL, number 946, page 37:

     A ScotRail Driver: [...] A good friend of mine overshot two stations back-to-back a couple of years ago. He tried to stop at one station and slid by it. Tried to stop at the next station. He slid by that, too.

2. To shoot beyond; to shoot too far to hit something.
   • 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), 6th edition, London: […] J[ames] Bettenham, for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1727, OCLC 21766567:

     not to overshoot his game

3. To pass swiftly over; to fly beyond.
4. (figuratively) To exceed.

   to overshoot the truth

   • 1782, William Cowper, “Conversation”, in Poems: by William Cowper, of the Inner Temple, Esq., OCLC 1205032248:

     That fire abated that impells rash youth,
     Proud of his speed to overshoot the truth,

   • 2004, Donella Meadows; Jorgen Randers; Dennis Meadows, “Author's preface”, in Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update, →ISBN:

     Measured this way humanity was last at sustainable levels in the 1980s. Now it has overshot by some 20 percent.

   • 2019, Reece Patton, Formatting for Print‎^[2]:

     The amount a letter overshoots is based on the design, but your eye shouldn’t notice it.

5. (reflexive) To venture too far; to overreach (oneself).